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NK 0 p the most populous cities at each census 


1906 


12TH CENSUS 1900 

mayors estimates 

1 NEW YORK 

2 CHICAGO 


0TH CENSUS I860 


6 TH CENSUS 1840 STH CENSUS 1830 4TH CENSUS 1820 3RD CENSUS 1810 2ND CENSUS 1800 


1ST CENSUS 1790 


PHILADELPHIA 
ST. LOUIS 
BOSTON 
CLEVELAND 
BALTIMORE 
BUFFALO 


3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

10 

It 

1 2 SAN FRANCISCO 

13 MILWAUKEE 

14 NEW ORLEANS 
1 & NEWARK 
16 WASHINGTON 
1 7 JERSEY CITY 

18 MINNEAPOLIS 

19 LOUISVILLE 

20 KANSAS CITY 

21 INDIANAPOLIS 

22 3T PAUt 

23 PROVIDENCE 

24 ROCHESTER 

25 DENVER 

26 ALLEGHENY 

27 TOLEDO 

28 COLUMBUS- 

29 PORTLAND ORE 

30 NASHVILLE', 

31 OMAHA 

32 WORCESTER 

33 NEW HAVEN 

34 ATLANTA 

35 SYRACUSE 

36 SCRANTON 

37 GRAND RAPIDS 

38 PATERSON 

39 ST. JOSEPH 

40 LOS ANGELES 

41 FALL RIVER 

42 MEMPHIS 

43 ALBANY 

44 CAME^SGE 

45 LOWELL 

46 DAYTON 

47 SEATTLE 

48 RCAOING 

49 HARTFORD - -y 

50 RICHMOND ^ 



NEW YORK 1 

PHILADELPHIA 2 

80ST0N 3 

CHARLESTON * 

BALTIMORE 6 

NORTHERN LIBERTIES 6 
SALEM 7 

NEWPORT 8 

PROVIDENCE 9 

SOUTHWARK 10 

MARBLEHEAD H 

NEW ORLEANS 12 

GLOUCESTER 13 

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































! • 




































A 

COMPREHENSIVE 

REFERENCE MANUAL 

TO 

UNITED STATES 
HISTORY 


B, 

JOSEPH EDWARD BANGS 

Formerly Assistant Superintendent 
of Public Instruction 
of Illinois 



CHICAGO, ILL. 

THE HOWARD-SEVERANCE CO. 


1907 



V 



LJoriARY of CONGRESS 
l wo Copies Received 

SEP 9 J90 r 

, Cooyrirht Ifrtry 

\Jcd> /» 

CLASS A XXc., No. 

/S/S/7 

COPY B. 


COPYRIGHT, 1907 
BY 

THE HOWARD-SEVERANCE CO. 



PREFACE. 


It is believed that the publication of this Manual is timely. At no 
period in the life of the American people has the reading and study of history 
been given so much thoughtful attention. In fact, it is becoming more and 
more apparent that an appreciation of the value to the individual of careful 
study of our country’s history is being strongly fixed in the minds of thinking 
Americans. The reason for this is two-fold. No citizen can be such in the 
true sense without a more or less thorough knowledge of the history of our 
institutions. Again, in order to maintain and cultivate that second inner- 
self, to attain to that mental culture which is the best possession of every 
person, the reading of history and the history of our country in particular 
is invaluable. For even the casual reader a few moments each day spent in 
the thoughtful reading of the subject will open a new world of interest, and 
at the same time furnish him with an ever-present source of rest and rec¬ 
reation. For the teacher and student it will do much more, for the subject 
is one that repays the investment in proportion to the time and attention 
devoted to it. 

In order to enable one to thus employ leisure moments to the greatest 
profit, a standard history of our people should be in the hands of every 
reader. He should be so familiar with its pages as to make it a basis for 
further investigation and study. In doing this, he will find certain topics 
on which he needs more light, for no history can contain all desirable his¬ 
torical knowledge. Therefore, collateral information and supplementary 
reading will be found not only helpful, but absolutely necessary to a satis¬ 
factory understanding of many subjects. 

The question obviously follows: “Where can this information be 
found?” To assist in answering this question this Manual has been prepared. 
Four points of special value will be observed in its construction: 

(1) It is comprehensive in that it supplies the most available references 
of value on the topics and sub-topics necessary in a practical outline of 

iii 


IV 


PREFACE 


United States History. Care has been taken to arrange the references so as 

V o 

to be of greatest value to teachers, students and general eaiders. 

(2) It is brief, no unnecessary space being taken with unimportant 
details. 

(3) The arrangement of matter and the sub-division of subjects will 
be found peculiarly helpful. 

(4) No sectional or political bias has been allowed to find place in its 
pages. It is eminently a Help for all reading Americans. 

Believing that this Manual will prove invaluable as an aid to a more 
thorough study of our country’s history and to a better knowledge of the 
fundamental principles which contribute to a nation’s greatness; that it will 
help all to see that in our study we are binding the past to the present and 
the present to the future, and that we shall thereby feel a deeper devotion 
to the welfare of our country and realize a better citizenship, this work is 
submitted by 


The Publishers. 



















• 



■ 







































« 






■ 

i 

« 































. 

























rank of states and territories in population at each census 


I2TH CENSUS 1900 


I1TH CENSUS 1890 


10TH CENbUS 1980 


9TH CENSUS 


IOTq 


8TM CENSUS 1060 


TTM CENSUS 1050 


6TM CENSUS 1040 


STM CENSUS 1030 


4TM CENSUS 1020 


300 CENSUS 1810 


2NO CENSUS 10OO 


1ST CENSUS I TOO 


1 NEW YORK 

2 PENNSYLVANIA 

3 ILLINOIS 

4 OHIO 

5 MISSOURI 

6 TEXAS 

7 MASSACHUSETTS 
3 INDIANA 

9 MICHIGAN 
10 IOWA 
1 1 GEOnGIA 

12 KENTUCKY 

13 WISCONSIN 

14 TENNESSEE 

15 NORTH CAROLINA 

16 NEW JERSEY 

17 VIRGINIA 
IS ALABAMA 

19 MINNESOTA 

20 MISSISSIPPI 

21 CALIFORNIA 

22 KANSAS 

23 LOUISIANA 

24 SOUTH CAROLINA 

25 ARKANSAS 

26 MARYLAND 

27 NEBRASKA 

28 WEST VIRGINIA 

29 CONNECTICUT 

30 MAINE 

31 COLORADO 

32 FLORIDA 

33 WASHINGTON 

34 RHODE ISLAND 

35 OREGON 

36 NEW HAMPSHIRE 

37 SOUTH DAKOTA 

38 OKLAHOMA 

3 g INDIAN TERRITORY 

40 VERMONT 

41 NORTH DAKOTA 

42 DISTOF COLUMBIA 


OHIO 

> DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 18 
MISSISSIPPI 
y INDIANA 


43 UTAH 

CE 


44 MONTANA 

m 


45 NEW MEXICO 

< 7 


46 OELAWARE 

< 

y 

47 IDAHO 

<- 


48 HAWAII 

< |Hawaii! > 

49 ARIZONA 

<XE 


50 WYOMING 

CL_ 

i v 

51 ALASKA 

<T 


52 NEVADA 

CT 

J_/ 



VIRGINIA 
MASSACHUSETTS 
PENNSYLVANIA 
NEW YORK 
NORTH CAROLINA 
MARYLAND 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
CONNECTICUT 
NEW JERSEY 
NEW HAMPSHIRE 10 
GEORGIA 11 

.RHODE ISLAND 12 
DELAWARE 13 

14 

15 

16 

17 


1 

2 

S 

4 

5 
8 

7 

8 
9 


19 

20 




























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































* •' ' 


' > 



















CONTENTS. 


chapter page 

I. The Nature of History. 1 

II. The Study of History. 7 

III. Aids to the Study. 10 

IV. Topic Summaries, References, Lists of Illustrative Works: 

The New World.... 15 

Discoveries and Explorations. 17 

English Colonization. 25 

Colonial Contests. 31 

Revolution and Independence. 35 

The New Nation. 41 

Enlarged Foundations. 47 

Old Problems and New Issues. 53 

Sectional Contests for Territorial Supremacy. 59 

The Great Conflict. 65 

Closing Scenes and Results. 71 

Rebuilding the Nation. 75 

New Era of Expansion and Progress. 81 

V. Supplementary Material: 

Orations. 85 

Poetical Selections. 88 

Books for Young People. 90 

General Book List. 92 


v 
































CONSTITUENTS OF THE POPULATION OF STATES 

AND TERRITORIES 


90 100 


WEST VIRGINIA 
OKLAHOMA 
KENTUCKY 
INDIANA 
NEW MEXICO 
INDIAN TERRITORY 
TENNESSEE 
MAINE 
MISSOURI 
KANSAS 
ARKANSAS 
NORTH CAROLINA 
VERMONT 
TEXAS 
OELAWARE 
OHIO 
OREGON 
VIRGINIA 
PENNSYLVANIA 
NEW HAMPSHIRE 
COLORADO 
MARYLAND 
IOWA 
IOAHO 
ALABAMA 
NEBRASKA 
WYOMING 
GEORGIA 
WASHINGTON 
FLORIDA 
ILLINOIS 
NEW JERSEY 
CALIFORNIA 
MICHIGAN 
LOUISIANA 
CONNECTICUT 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
MISSISSIPPI 
NEW YORK 
MONTANA 
UTAH 

MASSACHUSETTS 

ARIZONA 

NEVADA 

SOUTH DAKOTA 

RHODE ISLAND 

WISCONSIN 

ALASKA 

HAWAII 

MINNESOTA 

NORTH OAKOTA 



,_, NATIVE WHITE OF 

NATIVE PARENTS 


NATIVE WHITE OF 

FOREIGN PARENTS 


FOREIGN WHITE | | INDIANS 

I" I CHINESE AND JAPANESE fflM NEGRO 















































































































































































































































































































A COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCE MANUAL 

TO 

UNITED STATES HISTORY 


CHAPTER I. 

THE NATURE OF HISTORY. 

History is made by the blind groping and the conscious striving of the 
human race for physical, mental and spiritual betterment. The thoughts 

men think, the deeds they do in search of what seems 
Origin of to them the good, is the real history. The record of 

History such parts of their aspirations and efforts as we are 

able to know is written history. 

There is no more universal desire than that of liberty and there is, also, 
none more exclusive, since each man and each group of men deny to some 

others the liberty which they claim for themselves; so 
The great the battles of the ages have been fought about the idea of 

desire liberty, the object being either to obtain or to prevent 

others from obtaining liberty — personal liberty, religious 
liberty, social liberty, educational liberty, industrial liberty. Even the 
most casual observer must admit that the strife is far from ended. 

Ideas alone are perpetual: of fundamental ideas alone can we say, “There 
is no new thing under the sun.” In myriad forms, in diverse 
Vitality of guises, in different climes and ages, the same great prin- 

ideas ciples appear and men do battle for them. It is true 

that sometimes for decades, nay centuries, nations rest on 
their arms, but when the battle cry again is sounded, again the same 
old fight is on. 

It is true that an idea in action is modified by the environment of the 
action and that the character and the temperament of the actors 

will lead to the emphasis of different phases of the 
Superior thought, so that we find the various nations of the 

and inferior world today in different stages of development. Conse- 

nations quently, we have come to feel that those nations which 

are most advanced in the use of liberty have some¬ 
thing in them of inherent superiority; that the least advanced are an 
inferior people and must ever constitute the rear guard in the march of 



MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


nations. But, no sooner are we comfortably settled in such conviction than 
there flashes above our horizon a modernized Japan and we hear startling 
tales of an awakening China. 

Why do nations slumber? Why do they arouse? What nations shall 
live? Shall all alike perish after each has contributed its share of enlight¬ 
enment or warning? Such questions have long claimed 
Unsolved the attention of scholars and in the histories of ancient 

problems and mediaeval times as well as those of modern Eu¬ 

ropean nations have been sought the answers. Until 
very recently the United States was supposed to have no part in the general 
problems and to contribute nothing to their solution. In the minds of many 
abroad she had no recorded history beyond that to be found between the 
covers of the ordinary school text-book; in fact, no genuine dignified history 
to record. Our own citizens, busy making history, had no time and no 
inclination to contemplate the history thus so rapidly and so unconsciously 
made. It was freely said, “The United States is too young to have a history 
worthy of the name,” and educators gave to American history no serious 
thought and no adequate place in their curriculums. 

The last few years, however, have witnessed a marked change of senti¬ 
ment upon this subject. The more thoughtful students begin to realize 

that America has a history, but not a separate one. 
It is part of all history as surely as the branch is a part 
of the tree. This Western World has but taken the 
Old World craving for liberty and transplanted it 
where wide space and abundant resources have 
given it unheard of opportunity to grow. It has 
grown as the child grows, first by the stretching of its cramped limbs and 
then by countless exercises, experiments and contests; falling and rising, 
rushing heedlessly forward, then doubling on its tracks again, yet ever 
striving for better expression of its great central idea, “the inherent, in¬ 
alienable rights of man.” 

When men come into a new land, they may alter their style of dress, 
of shelter and of food, but mental characteristics and the principles of sturdy 

souls do not so readily change. All the individual 
The races of our cosmopolitan population brought to our 

unchangeable shores the strongest mental and moral peculiarities 

of their own people and, in a measure, their descend¬ 
ants have retained them. As the English and their cousins have ever 
predominated, our nation’s life has been largely a carrying forward of the 
English ideals, strengthened and modified by new conditions and new 
surroundings. Whatever of national pride we may cherish, we cannot but 
feel an added dignity when we realize that our history is thus linked to the 
history of the ages; that the grandest ideals, we, as a people, ever held are 


History of 
United States 
a part of 
all history 


THE NATURE OF HISTORY 


3 


Enlarged 
view of 
History 


Imagination 
aids interpre¬ 
tation of his¬ 
torical facts 


the very ideals that the Author of History has outlined dimly in the souls of 
all men; that each soul attains its best growth when striving for the good of all. 

This view of our history at once places it where it belongs, on a 
scientific basis, and prepares us for a discovery of the relations of its parts 

and of the subject, as a whole, to many other branches 
of knowledge. Its study ceases to be a mere memory 
drill on dry disjointed facts, and becomes, instead, a 
source of mental discipline and of moral growth. 

That this mav be true, the student must remember that history has 
to do with every phase of human life. For many years, to study history 

meant chiefly to study the wars of a nation. Later 
it was realized that in civilized nations war is but the 
outgrowth of certain undesirable conditions, and 
as objections to these conditions were necessarily 
voiced through the government, political history came 
to be emphasized. A true history of any people is a history of its entire 
life, and the reader who is to find, in history, mental and moral stimulus, 
must, in his imagination, see the people engaged in every form of activity. 
They must live before him. He must behold them in that first great 
social institution—the family in the home. He must follow them in their 
lowly and lonely occupations in forest and field, by 7 the fireside and on the 
high seas. He must note how the founding of other homes reduces the 
loneliness of the first comers and also, gradually restricts them in some 
directions. He must see how common needs for protection, for education, 
for public worship, gradually lead to the organization of armies, schools 
and churches; to the formation of a loose government, a federation, 
a strong centralized government. He must note how barter and ex¬ 
change finally develop a currency, a division of labor, and later industrial 
organization. 

Let the reader review these phases of development. He will find that 
the results are logical and inevitable; that each change comes when the 

necessity has arisen which demands that change; 
The mevi that those whom we call the “leaders of the people” 

a e in are really only those with perceptions keen to discern 

History the signs of the times; that their followers are those 

who only need to have the way pointed out and they are ready to walk 
therein. But in every society are those who are slow to accept any new 
order of things—the natural conservatives. So divisions, factions, parties 
are formed. 

Sometimes differences are so serious that they lead to bloody conflicts, 
and as war is the most spectacular form for the settling of difficulties, it 
naturally has the strongest hold on the imagination of the people, 
and naturally, too, the student feels that it is on the battle field that 


4 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


the real fight has been waged and the greatest victories won. He needs 

to remember that in every war in which the United States 
Settling has engaged there was a preceding war of ideas, words and 

differences angry passions equalling in intensity and exceeding in 

duration the time of sanguinary conflict. Four years of 
Civil War followed forty years of impassionate debate and futile compromises. 

A Swedish traveler, visiting America in 1748, predicted that the extinction 
of French power in Canada would be followed by the revolt of the English 
Colonies against the Mother Country. That was twenty-seven years before 
the War of the American Revolution, yet who can definitely say how many 
years before the war, the revolution was actually on? The Stamp Act was 
resisted ten years before the war and the Boston Massacre occurred five 
years before the battle of Lexington. 

Ideas make history. Ideas are nourished in the home, the church, the 
school. The street, the churchyard, the workshop, the corner grocery, 

the town hall, are the scenes of wordy conflicts, and it 
Ideas the basis is only after a long and fruitless testing of such means 
of all His tory of settlement that battles of shot and shell begin. 

Thrice happy the victories won by the gentler means. 

With this view of history in mind, it is easy to see that a knowlege of 
its leading facts is necessary to an intelligent understanding of the present 

as set forth in current literature. In a democracy, 
Study of His- it is imperative that its citizens know the functions 
tory necessary of the several departments of government and the 

steps by which they reached their present condition. 
One writer has said, “A study of history is the best training for adminis¬ 
trative duties, for citizenship, for public life.” To the thoughtful reader, 
history ceases to be a hard, dry and formal record of the past. He sees 
in each great event an effect of many causes and, instinctively, he begins 
to seek these causes. Later he finds that the event is itself productive of 
great subsequent changes and he realizes that it is cause as well as effect. 
He acquires the habit of pausing on each event, as one stands on the bank 
of a great river, in imagination, seeking on the one hand the hidden mountain 
source, and on the other following the stream until its flood helps to make 
the lake into which it empties. 

Soon he balances the deeds of individuals in the same careful fashion 
and from what he finds of relation between deed and motive, in the past, he 

learns to read men and their motives, in the present. 
History In this way, his powers of comparison are strength- 

and power enecl and his judgment grows more accurate. He 

to read men may not consciously compare men of the past and 

those of the present, but he has formed the habit of 
associating deed and motive, effect and cause until he does it with ever 


THE NATURE OF HISTORY 


5 


increasing frequency, ease and exactness. He is saved from cold formality 
in his conclusions by the constant appeal to his sympathies. Every form of 
heroism and cowardice, of sorrow and of joy, of achievement and disap¬ 
pointment, of ambition and degradation, is found some where in the records 
of the past. 

Histories for the young especially abound in anecdote and spicy 
adventure, and a skillful selection and presentation of material will go far 

United States toward solving the vexed question, “How shall we 

History most ^ ea< ^ ° Ur youttl t° read good books?” Young people 

fascinating crave the portrayal of exciting scenes and thrilling 

adventures and they will have it in one form or another. 
Moreover, after they have passed the fairy story stage of development, 
they prefer that what they read be true. It is fortunate for the teacher 
of United States history that much of our history has in it an interest most 
fascinating and that the material for its presentation is so abundant and 
so accessible. 

W hether a book be a benefit or an injury to a reader may be deter¬ 
mined by the mood it produces and the ideals which it awakens. It is very 

certain that the careful presentation of the essential 
History and events of our history, with pleasing detail and that 

patriotism touch that makes events and persons live before the 

student, will excite, first, a sense of the value of our 
institutions, and then the conviction that, since they have been bought with 
so much of blood and treasure, they should and must be preserved. Though 
freely used by this generation they should be passed on to the next, 
unimpaired, but improved by so much of good as can be given them. 

Then will come to the reader the desire to make something noble of his 
own life for he will have many examples to challenge his admiration and 

to stimulate his ambition. If he reads thoughtfully, 
he will see that, in the course of time, America has 
paid dearly in blood and tears and treasure for’ the 
wrongs we have deliberately cherished and he will 
have occasion to note that as it has been with us, so 
has it been with other nations. 

Doubtless he will finally conclude that “though the Master delay his 
coming,” it is not wise, therefore, to begin to beat our fellow servants. 
In fact, all life will have taken on a deeper meaning for he will have found 
“that, comparatively speaking, only a few great ideas have battled for 
mastery on the fields of history,” and that he is truly the greatest man who 
best embodies these ideas, interprets them to his fellow men, or adapts 
them to the needs of the age in which he lives. 

Truth teaches us that no man is perfect and observation confirms the 


History and 

personal 

ambition 


G 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


teaching. What is true of the present is true of the past. We are not 

called upon to exercise ancestral worship, but justice 
The great does demand that we admire the great elements in 

and the our great men and women. Around them and their 

inconspicuous deeds cluster the stirring events of a nation’s history 

while in the background we catch glimpses of the 
inconspicuous majority who by their fidelity and industry have made all 
great events possible. 

The study of our history, therefore, becomes a perpetual delight to the 
reader who realizes that we are a part of all history, past, present and to 

come; that our struggles are a part of the universal 
Summary struggle, our real successes are our contributions to 

the general good, and that all history records the 
slow and devious progress of the human race toward the Divine Ideal of 
justice, goodness and truth. 








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□H! IRELAND CZ3 BOHEMIA 

I 1 CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND 

I 1 ENGLAND, SCOTLAND. AND WALES 

II 1 NORWAY. SWEDEN, AND DENMARK 
1 I ITALY 

f. 1 RUSSIA 

1 1 POLAND 


E_] CHINA ■■ HUNGARY 

t ' 1 JAPAN L I FRANCE 
L—J MEXICO L.J ALL OTHERS 









































































































































































CHAPTER II. 

THE STUDY OF HISTORY. 

Before the days of printing, records were made on substances practically 
imperishable. The decipherings of these records have corroborated or 

refuted statements obtained from personally transmitted 
Sources traditions, from old manuscripts and from the carefully 

written books of bygone ages. The student of history is 
constantly seeking original documents as authoritative sources of informa¬ 
tion. Personal letters, government papers, old newspapers, court records, 
charters and grants, treaties and agreements, all are perused in the search 
for truth. Such investigation gives abundant drill in the development of 
patience, comparison and judgment ; for different records of the same or 
related events must agree, or their seeming differences must be explained 
before what they tell has any value. 

Although to many these original documents, or sources of history, 
are not available, those who have had opportunity and leisure for research 

have passed on to others the wealth of their discover- 
Standard ies. On the authority of these original investigators 

Histories must rest the knowledge of the average reader. The 

man who has given years of his life to the study of 
any subject ought to become a guide to others along the same line. 

Even where access is had to a well equipped public library, in each 
home should be found one or more standard histories of 
History in our country. We are a reading people but unfortunately 

the home we are in the main desultory readers, and at the end of 

our reading have little either in mental discipline or in 
classified knowledge to show for our time. 

To the college bred man who is now engaged in business and yet desires 
to keep his grip on things intellectual the systematic reading of his¬ 
tory affords the best means to that end. To the man 
Reading who, from necessity or from choice, is self-educated 

with a history opens the door to the knowledge and the 

purpose culture which he desires. A little time each day 

devoted to the reading of history and related subjects 
will give returns unattainable in any other way. 


8 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Relation of 
History to 
Literature 


Civics and 
Ethics 


Using a good manual of related subjects, the reader finds hundreds of 
poems, which even to an unpoetic mind are filled with 
interest and beauty when read in the proper setting. 
His manual cites him to many delightful works of fiction, 
which while they entertain also elucidate the periods 
which he is considering. History and literature hold an 
insoluble relation. 

The reading of history means also the study of civics, and the interpre¬ 
tation of events and the analysis of character call for a 
practical application of the principles of logic and of 
ethics as well. 

Who can contemplate the marvelous growth of our nation and not 
discover how great a share invention has had in her progress? The mariner’s 

compass made long voyages possible. The invention 
History of the locomotive mastered the distances in our vast 

and domain. Bands of steel have bound together the 

Invention Republic which early statesmen predicted must fall 

apart by its own weight. Fulton’s invention led to 
the speedy navigation of our inland waters, and steam and electricity have 
brought us into easy communication with the whole world. The telegraph 
and the telephone have annihilated distance and have brought our most 
distant states and territories to the very doors of our national capital. So 
have the products of man’s inventive genius made possible our great 
nation. 

But what would avail the most brilliant creations of the mind were there 
not willing hands to materialize the conceptions. The brain of man invents 

machinery; the hand of man tills the fields, digs the 
coal and iron, hew 7 s the timber, lays the tracks, makes 
the machinery — the visible, tangible forms of the 
inventor’s dream. Brain and brawn, capital and labor— 
scholar, statesman, soldier, laborer, mechanic, and bus¬ 
iness man together have made America what it is. Each depends on 
all the others. Without the others, each is crippled, if not helpless. In 
dealing with cause and effect, the reader of our history finds himself study¬ 
ing invention, mechanics, sociology. 

History the Since history deals thus with every phase of life it may 

great cultural justly be termed the great central cultural subject to which 
subject all others are most easily and properly correlated. 

The place which United States history is coming to take in the estimation 
of the world is shown by a recent statement of W. T. Stead, of London: 

''The greatest achievement of the United States is 
Our greatest one which Americans have not talked about and Eng- 

achievement lishmen have not had the wit to see. It is the manner 


Brain and 
hand 

interdependent 


THE STUDY OF HISTORY 


9 


in which America has taken millions of the most strong-willed, 
ungovernable, independent people of the world, aliens in race, in language, 
in feeling, in customs, and has drawn them into the warp and woof of the 
great American Commonwealth. There has never been such another feat 
in the history of the world’s civilization.” 

What has made this achievement a possibility? Let history answer 
and let history also furnish a basis for our prophecies of the future. 

It is safe to conclude, however, that a nation founded on liberty, equality 
and popular education, set in a wide, a rich and a surpass- 
Conclusion ingly fair land has opportunities matched only by its 

obligations, and that its hope is in the intelligence, valor, 
honesty and integrity of its individual citizens. 


O Land of lands! to thee we give 
Our prayers, our hopes, our service free; 

For thee thy sons shall nobly live, 

And at thy need shall die for thee !—Whittier 



CHAPTER III. 


AIDS TO THE STUDY. 

While all history is continuous, it is equally true that certain events 
and conditions are especially characteristic of particular periods and clas¬ 
sification on some rational basis is an aid to the mast- 
Classification ery of the subject. To illustrate: there was a time 

necessary when the nations were wild over discovery and ex¬ 

ploration, what was the cause? What the effects? 
What men of thought inspired the men of action to their deeds? This 
mode of investigation will apply to any period or epoch. We must remem¬ 
ber, however, that the conspicuous events, which we find recorded have a 
multitude of less conspicuous, but probably not less important causes and 
results. Some kind of outline of chief events with main causes and effects 
should be made and fixed in mind. This becomes the indestructible frame¬ 
work about which all other study is to be built. 

The same landscape seen from different situations is presented in all its 
beauty. Events viewed at different periods and by different historians 

are revealed to us much more clearly than from the 
Value standpoint of one. In order, therefore, to secure a 

of the clear and impartial idea of the history of our country, 

Manual we should consider it from the viewpoints of several 

historians, and by the aid of any sidelights available. 
It is impossible within the limits of any one history to give all the wealth 
of material brought to light bv the research of vears. The necessitv of 
supplementary reading becomes apparent to one who wishes to get the 
most there is in history. To enable one to enlarge his historical horizon bv 
the reading of different authorities, reference manuals are prepared. Not 
only the thorough student of history but the casual reader will be greatly 
assisted by their use. They enable one to utilize his time and opportun¬ 
ities and often material at his door which might otherwise be unobserved, 
and most important of all, their use cultivates a broader and truer historic 
vision. 

In the manual here presented no attempt is made to give exhaustive 
lists of references, but simply to refer to those which may possibly be avail¬ 
able as well as reliable. 


(TO) 


AIDS TO THE STUDY 


11 


Some one has said, “There is no history but biography”; whether or not 
we agree with this statement, it is true that in the biographies of the men 

who have made the nation, we read, very largely, 
Biography the history of our times. Good books of biography 

are almost as essential, then, as histories, for by the 
lives portrayed they emphasize principles and awaken enthusiasm. In 
this age of books there should be a greater demand for excellent biographies 
and a larger supply in our public libraries. Librarians will be doing the 
country loyal service if they encourage the reading of history and bio¬ 
graphy. 

So much of history has sprung from the configuration of a country, its 
natural boundaries, its climate, its mineral and agricultural 
History and resources, that these must be studied in considering 

Geography causes; and so many modifications of these natural fea¬ 
tures have been made by man that geography must also 

be considered in noting effects. 

Historical paintings, engravings and pictures are a great help in vivifying 
the text and should be carefully studied in connection with the same. In 

addition to the many beautiful engravings found 
Pictures in the text, for a few cents one can buy copies of 

famous historical paintings. The reader will find con¬ 
tinual delight in a collection of such pictures culled from various sources. 

The historical novel wisely selected, assisting the imagination, makes 
a period glow with light and life. Parents and teachers frequently find 

their greatest problem in how to direct the reading 
Historical of the young, sometimes because the boy or girl has 

novels no care for reading, but oftener because only the more 

lurid or sentimental attracts. History put in story form 
is often a solution of this vexed question. 

It is scarcely necessary to cite the reader to the standard magazines as 
a source of historical information. Once his interest in 


Magazines 


any subject is awakened, he finds current literature to 


abound in articles along his line of thought and investigation. 

In this connection, it may be said that the habit of making clippings 
of newspapers and magazine articles is very valuable. 
Clippings A well arranged scrapbook is a good addition to any 

library. 

Historical poems, bearing on the period under consideration should be 
sought. It is wonderful how their beauty illumines the 
text, and how their own meaning is intensified by being 


Poems 


read at the right time. 


12 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


7 


He who would familiarize himself with history should provide himself 
with a note book in which he may record such items as seem to him of special 

value and which can not otherwise be filed. Let no 
Note Book one think that the mere writing of notes and laying 

them away has any special value. They must be 
for future use, not to show accumulation. There is no better drill in the 
power of discrimination than the determining of what is worth saving. 

To acquire the facts of history is the first step, to interpret them a much 
higher and more difficult one. That study of history 
has been a failure which does not inculcate right 
principles, make better citizens and prepare a better future 
for our land by a just interpretation of its past. 


Object of all 
Methods and 
of all Aids. 


THE REFERENCE MANUAL. 


No history can contain all desirable and available historical knowledge. 
Much of special interest on many topics must be omitted or a history would 
become too voluminous and cumbersome. For this reason a reference 
manual becomes a help, if not an actual necessity. To aid the reader, this 
Manual has been prepared. 

It presents: 

1. Concise summaries or synopses of the principal events in the history 
of the United States. 

2. Lists of references to histories, biographies, magazines articles, etc., 
where matters of particular interest are treated at length. 

3. References to material which illustrates and illuminates the text, 
viz: Maps, sketches, plans, pictures, paintings, etc. 

4. Pen pictures in prose and verse of the life of the people and of the 
stirring events in our history; references to historical fiction, poems and 
to other works which will aid in getting clearer views of the principles 
advocated by our leading men, the scenes of action in which they were 
engaged and the results which have come to us. 

In a manual of limited size no exhaustive reference lists can be given 
and much desirable matter must be omitted. The aim has been to give 
references to the most helpful works readily available. 



AIDS TO THE STUDY 


13 


NOTES AND EXPLANATIONS. 


The principal words in book titles are used to designate works given 
in references, the title following the name of the author. For full title 
consult Book List given in Chapter V, where authors and names of works 
are given in full. 

The usual abbreviations for months and years are given in magazine 
references. Shorter magazine titles are written out in full. Abbrevia¬ 
tions for the following magazines are used in some cases: 

American History, Magazine of, Leslies Magazine, Leslie. 


Am. Hist. M. 

Atlantic, Atlantic. 

Century, Cent. 

Chautauquan, Chaut. 
Cosmopolitan, Cosmop. 
Current Literature, Cur. Lit. 
Fortnightly, Fort. 

Harper’s Weekly, Harper’s W. 
Harper’s Magazine, Harper. 
Lippincott, Lipp. 

Leslie’s Weekly, Leslie’s W. 


New England Magazine, 

New Eng. M. 

Nineteenth Century, 19 Cent. 

North American Review, N. Am. 
Political Science, Polit. Sci. 

Popular Science Monthly, Pop. Sci. 
Review of Reviews, R. of R. 
Scientific American, Sci. Am. 
Scribner, Scrib. 

World’s Work, World’s W. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

Under the topics “Geography, Maps and Pictures” will be found 
titles of works which are given as types of the many publications from 
which illustrative material can be obtained. It would be impossible 
to name all. The . works enumerated under “Pen Pictures” give views 
of the life of the people and of the moving principles and thoughts 
controlling their action. The reading of these will in many cases give 
clearer pictures of certain phases of our country’s history. If titles 
are not sufficiently self explanatory, key words in parentheses imme¬ 
diately follow, which are intended to give the reader an idea of the 
characters, or the location of the events described in the story. 


Pleasure is taken in giving acknowledgment to A. Flanagan 
panv by whose permission we use the maps in black and white. 


Com- 


Beyona ivtiose shores no passage gave 
The Ruler of the purple wave: 

But Atlas stands, his stately height 
The awf ul boundary of the skies. 

—Euripedes, Hippolytus. 


Looms there the New Land 
Looked in the shadow. 

—Lowell, The Voyage to Vinland. 


Let our vessel brave 
Plow the angry wave 
While those few who love 
Vinland, here may rove. 

—Thornhall, Thor jinn Saga. 


God made me the- messenger of the New Heaven and the 
New Earth. 

And He showed me the spot where to find it. 

jtj vL 

/ will wear these chains as a memento of the gratitude of 
princes. — Columbus. 


He gained a world , he gave that world its grandest lesson. 
“On! and, On! ” 


-Joaquin Miller, Columbus. 


Ye say they all have passed away 
That noble race and brave. 

That their light canoes have van ished 
From off the crested wave, 

But their name is on your waters 
And ye may not wash it out. 

—Mrs. L. H. Sigourney, Indian Names. 


(14) 


CHAPTER IV. 


TOPIC SUMMARIES, REFERENCES, LISTS OF 

ILLUSTRATIVE WORKS. 


THE NEW WORLD. 


ADAPTATION OF AMERICA FOR MAN. 

Summary. Geographical conditions and influences; Position of the con¬ 
tinent, general relief; Location and direction of mountains and rivers: 
Soil, climate, forests and minerals, and their effect on history. 

References. Brigham, Geographical Influences in American History; Semple, Ameri¬ 
can History arid its Geographic Conditions; Shaler, Nature and Man in America; Winsor, 
America, I; Mississippi Basin; Hinsdale, Old Northwest, ch. 2, 8; Lucas, Historical Geo¬ 
graphy; Reclus, Earth and Its Inhabitants; America; Sparks, Expansion, ch. 1; Hart, Con¬ 
temporaries, I; Source Book; Lodge, Close of the Middle Ages , ch. 5; Tillinghast, Geo¬ 
graphical Knowledge of the Ancients; Reeves, Wineland; Hall, Viking Tales; Hale, Marco 
Polo; Morse, Universal American Geography; Standard Physical Geographies. 

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

Geography, Maps and Pictures. Winsor. America, I, II, IV; Bourn, Spain in 
America; Brigham, Geographic Influences; Semple, Geographic Conditions, 18; Cheyney, 
European Background of American History; Epoch maps; Facsimilies of original maps, 
charts, plans, etc., in before mentioned works will he found very helpful as will also 
United States Geological survey maps, relief maps in physical geographies and maps and 
pictures in standard school histories. 


ABORIGINAL AMERICA. 


Summary. Incas and Aztecs: 
The Mound Builders: Origin, 
Pueblos and Cliff Dwellers. 


Time, origin and civilization, 
location and remains. 


References. Garner-Lodge, I, 7, 19, 20, 26. 70; Bancroft, Native Races, I, ch. 5; II; 
IV,ch. S, 9, 12; Prescott, Peru; Mexico; Baldwin, Ancient America, 13; Farrand, Basis of 
American History, 87; Shaler, Continent, 159; Wilson, Prehistoric Man; Thwaites, Colonics, 
7; Fiske, America, I; Winsor, America, I, ch. 3, 5, 6; Foster, Prehistoric Races; United 
States Bureau of Ethnology, Reports; Smithsonian Institute, Reports, Monographs, etc.; 
United States Geological Survey, Reports. 

Magazine Articles. Harper, Aug. 1882; Century, Apl. 1890; Forum, Jan. 1890; 
Am. Hist. M., May-July, 1888; Atlantic, May 1891; St. Nicholas, Aug. 1892; American 
Antiquities, July 1890. 

ILLUSTRATIVE M ATERIAL. 

Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, 7, 13*, 17*; Winsor, America, I; Bancroft, Native 
Races; United States Bureau of Ethnology, Reports , 1880-07; Wheeler, Survey, VII: 


♦Copies of paintings. 





16 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 

V 

Smithsonian Institute, Contributions, 8; Fiske, America, I; Catlin, Indians; Farrand, 
American Conditions; Brigham, Geographic Influences; Semple, Geographic Conditions; 
McCoun, Historical Geography; Standard school histories. 

THE INDIAN. 

Summary. Origin, distribution, and characteristics of Indian tribes. 
Mode of life, warfare, habits, manners and customs. 

Religion, superstitions, myths, legends. 

Industries and recreations, treatment by the whites, their present condi¬ 
tion and future outlook. 

References. Garner-Lodge, 1,1,3, 17, 20, 25, 29, 54, 79, 1/3,299; IV, 1757; Bureau 



MAP SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF INDIAN TRIBES. 


of Ethnology, Reports, 18S0-1907 and Smithsonian Institute Annuals, (both especially 
valuable); Drake, New England, 142, 184; Great West, 45; Higginson, United States, 1-26; 
Fiske, America, ch. 1,21; Bancroft, Native Races, II, IV; Mexico, I; Winsor, America, I, 
ch. 3, 5; New England Indians; Parkman, Pontiac, ch. 1, 5; Parkman, Jesuits; Prescott, 
Mexico’, Peru; Thwaites, Colonies, I; Roosevelt, Winning of the West; Ellis, Red Man and 
White Man; Starr, American Indian; First Steps in Human Progress. 

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 


I. Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, I, 7, 13, 16, 17*, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26; Catlin, 



















































































































































DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS 


17 


Indians, fehaler, Mature and Man; United States Bureau of Ethnology, Reports and 
Geological Surveys of the I erritories; V insor, America, I; Fiske, Discovery of America. 

IT. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: Cooper, Last of the Mohicans; Simms, Yemassee; 
Parley, Antiquities. 

(-) Poetry: Longfellow, Hiawatha; Sprague, Die Indians; Whittier, Bridal of Pena- 
cooh, 1 roctor, Song of the Ancient People; McLellan, Hymn of the Cherokee Indian; Mrs. 
Sigourney, Indian Names. 

III. Magazines. Harper, May, 1870, June, 1882; Century, Dec. 1882, Feb., May 5, 
1883; Forum, 3: 252; American Antiquities, 16: 3, 275, 325; 17: 44; Century, 8: 138; 
American Folk Lore, 8: 138. 



MAP OF THE KNOWN WORLD IN 1490. 


DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS. 

THE PRECURSORS OF COLUMBUS. 

Summary. Chinese, Japanese, Norse, Welsh and Irish Legends. 
Geographical knowledge of the Ancients; The Northmen; Marco Polo; 
Mandeville; Prince Henry, “The Navigator”; Da Gama. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I; 30, 35, 37, 39, 40; IV, 1758; Anderson, America not 
discovered by Columbus; Bryant, United States, I, 35; American History Leaflets, No. 3; 










IS 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Old South Leaflets, No. 30, 31, 32, 124; Fiske, America, I, 164 (Northmen), 280 (Polo); 
Hale, Discoverers, 34 (Da Gama); Higginson, United, States, 27; Palfrey, New England, I, 
57; Winsor, America, I, ch. 1, 2 (World knowledge and discoveries before Columbus). 
Hakluyt, Publications; Hall, Viking Tales; Reeves, Wineland; Hale, Marco Polo. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 


I. Maps and Pictures. See Section following. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: Ballantyne, Erling the Bold (Iceland); Barring 
Gould, Grettier the Outlaw (Iceland); Chaillu, The Viking Age. 

(2) Poetry: Longfellow, The Skeleton in Armor; Whittier, The Norsemen; Murphy, 
Old Round Tower; Montgomery, Vineland; Lowell, The Voyage to Vinland. 



MAP OF THE KNOWN WORLD IN 1500. 


III. Magazines. 
Living Age, 195:387. 


Am. Hist. M., Mar. ’88, May ’92; Harper, Sept. ’82, Aug. ’90; 


COLUMBUS. 


Summary. Early life, adventures, theories, obstacles, voyages, charac¬ 
ter, etc. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 42, 48, 52, 54, 56, 59, 61; IV, 1758; Winsor, America, 
I; Fiske, America, I, ch. 3, 5; American History Leaflets, No. 1; Old South Leaflets, No. 






DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS 


19 


~9, oo, 71, 102, Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, ch. S, 9, 18; Harper, Cyclopedia of 
l.mted States His.ory, I, 112; Hart, Contemporaries, I, 17, 19; Cheyney, European Back¬ 
ground of American History, I, V; Bourne, Spain in America, ch. 1, 4, 7; Biographies of 
(olumbus by W ashington Irving, Justin Winsor, C. R. Markham, Thacher, and 
others. 

Magazines': Century, May-Oct. 1S92; Harper, Dec. 1881; April-Oct. 1892. 


CONTEMPORARIES AND FOLLOWERS OF COLUMBUS. 


Summary. 

1498, Pinzon and Solis: Atlantic and Gulf coasts. 

1499-1507, Vespucci: Voyages; Naming of America. 

1510-13, Balboa: Gulf coast and Pacific. 

1512-13, De Leon: Florida. 

1519-21, Cortez: Conquest of Mexico. 

1519-21, Magellan: South America; The Philippines; First circumnavi¬ 
gation. 

1519-21, Narvaez and De Vaea: Gulf of Mexico and California. 

1539, Marcos: New Mexico; The Seven Cities of Cibola. 

1540-1, De Sot a: The Mississippi. 

1540-2, Coronado: Rio Grande and Colorado rivers. 

1565, Menendez: First Settlement, St. Augustine. 

Las Casas: Spanish Missions. 

References. Garner-Lodge, 1,63, 65, 66, 67, 69, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78 ; IV, 1758; Bancroft 
United States, I, 34-6S; Bryant, United States, I, 139; Fiske, Discovery of America, 190 
(Magellan), 245-55, (Cortez), 391-408, (Pizarro), 390-509, (De Sota); American History 
Leaflets, No. 13; Old South Leaflets, No. 20 (Coronado), 34, 90 (Vespucci), 35 (Cortez), 
36 (De Sota), 39 (De Vaca), S9 (Menendez); Winsor, America, I, 181-204 (Companions of 
Columbus), ch. 3 (Naming America), ch. 4 (Florida); II, 230-473 (Spaniards), 573 (Peru), 
402 (Mexico); III, 1-126 (Cortez); Prescott, Peru and Mexico (Pizarro and Cortez); Hart, 
Contemporaries, I, Sec. 16-36,44-48; Doyle, Colonies; Bourne, Spain in America; Larned, 
History for Ready Reference, I, 47; Encyclopedia, articles on Balboa, Cornado, Cortez, De 
Leon, De Sota, Magellan, Las Casas, the Spanish Armada, and others. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, 1, 42, 49*, 57*, 64-5, 71*; Winsor, America, 
II, IV; Fiske, America, I; Wilson, American People, I; Semple, Conditions, 1-18; 
Bourne, Spain; Standard school histories: Mace, Hart, Montgomery, Chancellor, Eggleston, 
Fiske, Barnes, Thomas, Scudder, Higginson, McMaster, Channing, Mowry, Burton, and 
others. 

Paintings: Brozik, Columbus at Court of Spain; Balaca, Columbus’ Departure; Vander* 
Lyn, Landing of Columbus; Powell, De Sota Discovering the Mississippi. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: J. Fenimore Cooper, Mercedes of Castile (Columbus); 


20 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 

\ 

Gordon Stables, Westward with Columbus; J. R. Musick, Columbia; Lew W allace, 
A Fair God (Mexico and Cortez); W. G. Simms, Vasconelos (De Sota); The Damsel of 
Darien (Balboa); A. W. Tourgee, Out of the Sunset Sea (Columbus). 


ATLANTIC 

OC£AN 



PA C 


MAP OF SPANISH VOYAGES AND EXPLORATIONS. 


(2) Poetry: Poems on Columbus by Tennyson, Lowell, Joaquin Miller and A. H. 
Clough; Lydia H. Sigourney, Visions of Columbus; J. Barlow, Visions of Columbus; 
H. But ter worth, De Leon and De Sota; M. J. Reynolds, The Burial of De Sota. 









DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS 


21 


FRENCH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. 

Summary. 

1506, Denys: Gulf of St. Lawrence. 

1524, Verrazano: Atlantic coast. 

1534-39, Cartier: Voyages; Gulf and River St. Lawrence. 

1540-2, Cartier and Roberval: Quebec. 

1562, Rebault: Port Royal, South Carolina. 

1564, Laudonniere: St. John’s river, Florida. 

1565, Destruction of Huguenot colony by Spaniard Menendez and found¬ 

ing of St. Augustine, the first permanent settlement in the 
United States. 

1604-7, Du Mont and Pontrincourt: Acadia and Port Royal. 

1603-8-35, Champlain: St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes: Quebec founded 
1608. 

1634-5, Nicollet : Lake Michigan, Wisconsin and Illinois. 

1673, Joliet and Marquette: Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers. 

1680, Hennepin: St. Anthony’s Falls, Mississippi river. 

1681-2, La Salle: The great Mississippi valley ; Cause, spirit and results of 
French explorations, colonization; the Jesuit missions. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 81, 84, 86, 88, 92; IV, 1758-9; Bancroft, United 
States, I, 15, 18, 50, 149; Winsor, America, II, 260; IV, 47, 130, 190; Hildreth, United 
States, I, 42, 44, 71, 91, 97; Winsor, Cartier to Frontenac; Parkman, Pioneers of France, 
81, 175, 210, 159; Thwaites, Colonies; Montgomery, French History; Fairbanks, St. 
Augustine; J. G. Shea, Mississippi Valley; Parkman, Conflict; Great West; 
American History Leaflets, No. 1; Old South Leaflets, No. 17; Hakluyt, II, 77, 389; Hart, 
Contemporaries, I, Sec. 34-36-39-43; Thwaites, France in America; Higginson, American 
Explorers. Biographies; H. B. Stephens, Cartier; Murphy, Verrazano; H. D. Sedwick, 
Champlain; J. Sparks, Ribault. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, I, 89, 93; Semple, Geographic Conditions; 
Winsor, America, II, IV; Wilson, American People, I; Parkman, Pioneers. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: W. G. Simms, Lily and Totem (Huguenots in Florida); 
Kirk Munroe, Flamingo Feather (Huguenots in Florida). 

(2) Poetry: C. D. Warner, World’s Best Literature; Bliss Carmen, World’s Best Poetry; 
Stedman-Hutchinson, Library of American Literature; Butterworth, Verrazano. 

III. Magazines: Harper, Mar. 1S83; Am. Hist. M., May, Aug. ISi 9; Mar. 1886. 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 



La Salle’s Route.-£>-£>-£>-[> Hennepin’s Route. 

Marquette and Joliet’s Route. 0-0-0 

















DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS 


23 


Summary. 


ENGLISH DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS. 


1497-8, The Cabots—John and 


Sebastian: Labrador and the Atlantic coast 


of America. 

1576, Frobisher: Northeastern coast of America. 

1557-80, Drake: Voyages; Pacific coast. 

1578-83, Sir Humphrey Gilbert : Voyages and settlements. 

1584, Amidas and Barlow: North Carolina coast. 

1584-90, Raleigh, Lane and White: Voyages and settlements at Roanoke 
—“The Lost Colony .” 

1585, Davis: Davis Strait. 

1588, Drake, Frobisher and Hawkins; Destruction of the Spanish Armada. 
1602, Gosnold, Pring and Weymouth: New England coast. 

1609, Hudson (under Dutch): Eastern coast, Hudson River and Hudson 
Bay. 

1616, Baffin: Baffin’s Bay and northeastern coast of America. 


References. Garner-Lodge, I, 92, 96, 100; IV, 175S-9; Bancroft, I, 8, 98, 100, 127; 
Bryant, I, 129, 193, 226, 262; Doyle, Colonies; Virginia , 23, 37, 43; Fiske, America. I, 
2; English Colonies ; Fisher, Colonial Era; Eggleston, Beginnings of Civilization; Lodge, 
English Colonies; Hakluyt, Publications; Higginson, History of the United Slates; Hil¬ 
dreth, United States, I; Hart, Contemporaries, Sec. 26, 33; Palfrey, New England; Win- 
sor, America, III, 121, 169, 184; Towle, History of England; Heroes of History; 

Montgomery, English History; Thwaites, Colonies; Harper, Cyclopedia of United 
States History; American History Leaflets, No. 3,9,13; Old South Leaflets, No. 91 (Cham¬ 
plain) 92, 119, 166 (Raleigh), 115 (Cabot), 116 (Drake), 117 (Frobisher), 118 (Gilbert), 
120 (Gosnold). Biographies: Biddle, Cabot; Lives of Raleigh by Stebbing, Edwards, 
St. John, Gosse and Creighton; Corbett, Drake; Standard cyclopedias for Frobisher, 
Gilbert, Lane, White, Davis, Gosnold, Pring, Weymouth, Baffin, and others. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 


I. Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, I, 94' 1 ', 95*, 96*. 97*, 99*, 101*; Semple, 
Geographic Conditions, 19; Brigham, Geographic Influences; Winsor, America, III; Wilson, 
American People, I. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: Charles Kingsley, Westward Ho! (Drake and 
Raleigh); Sir Walter Scott, Kennelworth; G. A. Henty, Under Drake's blag. 

(2) Poetry: Bliss Carmen, World’s Best Poetry, VIII; “Poems of National Spirit;” Sted- 
man-Hutchinson. Library of Literature; C. D. Warner, World’s Best Literature; Long¬ 
fellow, Sir Humphrey Gilbert. 


To get the pearl and gold, 

And ours to hold 
Virginia, 

Earth’s only Paradise. 

—Michael Drayton (in Elizabeth’s time). 

Ay, call it holy ground 
The soil where first they trod! 

They have left unstained what there they found! 

Freedom to worship God. — Mrs. F. D. Hemans. 

Here nature and liberty afford us that freely which in Eng¬ 
land we want, or it costeth us dearly. 

—Captain John Smith. 

It cannot be denied that with America and in America a 
new era commences in human affairs. — Webster. 

Down to Plymouth Rock that had been to their feet a door 
step 

Into a world unknown—the corner stone of a nation. 

—Longfellow. 

God sifted a whole nation that He might smd a choice 
grain over into its wilderness. — Stoughton. 

New England was the colony of conscience. 

—John Quincy Adams. 

Liberty without obedience is confusion, and obedience 
without liberty is slavery. —Penn. 


(24) 


ENGLISH COLONIZATION. 


PLANTING OF THE SOUTHERN COLONIES. 

VIRGINIA. 

Summary- 1607, Jamestown settled. 

The Colonists: Character, leaders and objects. London and Plymouth 
companies, the charters and grants. 

The Government: Commercial Association, Royal and Proprietary. 
Beginnings of negro slavery 1619; Representative government 1619; 
Tobacco industry. 

Hindrances and troubles: Character of colonists; Indians; Starvation; 
Navigation acts; Oppression; Rebellion, etc. 

Development of commerce, education and the spirit of liberty. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 104-124; IV, 1761; Fiske, Virginia; Bancroft, United 
Stales, II, III; Doyle, Virginia; Campbell, Virginia; Bryant, United States, I, 267, 482; 
II, 200; III, 5; Hildreth, United States, I, II, III; Chandler, Makers of Virginia History; 
Drake, Making of Virginia; Wilson, Slavery; Young, England; Greene, England; Ameri¬ 
can History Leaflets, No. 19; Coffin, Old Times in the Colonies, 90-110, 259-64; Cooke, Vir¬ 
ginia, 113-264; Stories of the Old Dominion; Brown, English Politics in Virginia; Old 
South Leaflets, No. 117; Hart, Contemporaries, I, Sec., 50, 59, 60, 62-71; Source Book, 
Sec. 11-14. 

MARYLAND. 

Summary. 1634, St. Mary’s; Spirit and character of the Calverts. 

The Colonists: Character, religion and objects; Land grants; Catholics; 
Puritans and Quakers; Toleration Act; Forms of government; Political and 
religious troubles. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 125-133; IV, 1761; Bryant, United States, I; Ban¬ 
croft, United States, I; Hildreth, United States, I, II; Scharf, Maryland; Mill, Founders 
of Maryland; Hart, Contemporaries, Sec. 72-77; Winsor, III, 517; Fisher, Colonial Era, 
ch. 5; Old South Annual No. 1; Old South Leaflets, No. 21, 48, 49, 77, 126, 153, 159; 
Standard school histories. 

THE CAROL 1 NAS. 

Summary. The Carolina grants; Advantages of the country; Huguenots’ 
early colonization 1650-64; Charleston 1670-80; Character of settlers; 
Fundamental constitution and forms of government; Development of slav¬ 
ery and aristocracy; Spirit of liberty; Growth and development of colonies. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 133-143; IV, 1761; Bancroft, Lnited states, I, II, 
III; Bryant, United States, II; Martin, North Carolina; Moon, North Carolina; Ramsey, 
South Carolina; Fisher, Colonial Era, 79; Thwades, Colonies, 92; Doyle, Colonies, II, 76; 
McDonald, Select Charters; Old South Leaflets, No. 172; Hart, Contemporaries; Sec. 78-81. 
McCrady, South Carolina. 


(25) 


26 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


GEORGIA! 

Summary. Oglethorpe and philanthrophv; The Georgia grant; Features 
of the charter; Savannah settled 1733; Character of colonists; Object of 
Oglethorpe; Land system; Slavery; Government and religion; Growth of 
colony, etc. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 143-147; IV, 1761; Jones, Georgia ; Stevens, Georgia; 
Lives of Oglethorpe by J. M. Harris, Robt. Wright and T. Bruce; Winsor, America, V; 
Bryant, United States, III; Lodge, Colonies. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, I, 110*; Semple, Geographic Conditions; 
Brigham, Geographic Influences; Wilson, American People, I; Winsor, America, II, III, 
IV; Tyler, England in America; School histories: Mace, Montgomery, Hart, Chancellor, 
Mowry, Scudder, Barnes, Eggleston, Gibson. 

Paintings: Brierly, Destruction of the Spanish Armanda; Bruecknor, The Marriage 
of Pocahontas. 

II. Magazines. Virginia: Harper, Nov. 1882; Nov. I860; Atlantic, Sept. 1S95; 
Am. Hist. M., April, 1885; Nov. 1891; Jan. 1887; Atlantic, Sept., Dec. 1895; American 
History Annals, 1893; Century, Jan. 1887; July, 1890; Jan. 189S; July, 1S90; Cosmo¬ 
politan, Jan. 1893. 

Carolinas: Harper, Dec. 1875; Dec. 1882; Aug. 1S92; Am. Hist. M., Feb. 1883. 

Georgia: Am. Hist. M., Oct. 1889; Feb. 18S3; Harper, Aug. 1892. 

PLANTING OF THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Summary. Religious persecution in Europe; English Separatists, Puri¬ 
tans and Pilgrims; Emigration to Holland and to America; Mayflower com¬ 
pact; Plymouth settlement 1620; Salem and Boston 1628-30. 

The object, character and religious spirit of the colonists and their leaders. 

Religious tolerance and intolerance: Quakers; Baptists; Witchcraft. 

King Philip’s War and Indian troubles; Andros. 

The principles on which the New England colonies were founded; Educa¬ 
tion, early schools and colleges; Charters and land grants; Rights and 
privileges of the colonists; The town meeting; Growth of the ideas of 
liberty; Forms of government; Material development. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 148, 154, 158, 160, 163; Bancroft, United Stales, I, 
II; Fiske, New England; Bryant, United Slates, III; Barry, Massachusetts; Drake, Nooks 
and Corners of New England; Coffin, Old Times in the Colonies; Hart, Contemporaries, Sec. 
55-58, 90-112; Source Book; McDonald, Select Charters; Winsor, America, III; Hutchin¬ 
son, Massachusetts, I, II, III; Bradford, Plymouth Plantation; Old South Leaflets, No. 7, 
54, 66. 67, 68, 77, 121, 155, 161, 165, 167; Palfrey, New England, I, II, III; Hildreth, 
United States , I, II; Winsor, America, III, IV, V; Wilson, American People, I, II, III. 


ENGLISH COLONIZATION 


27 


RHODE ISLAND AND CONNECTICUT. 

Summary. Events leading to their settlement; Spirit of liberty and 
religious toleration; Providence 1636; Windsor, Wethersfield, Hartford and 
New Haven 1633-8. 

Principles on which colonies were founded; Charters and constitutions; 
Rights of men ; Education; Industrial development ; Indian wars and troubles. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 165-171; IV, 1759-60; The standard histories given 
under Massachusetts, also Greene, Rhode Island; Merriman, Pilgrims, Puritans and Roger 
Williams; Arnold, Rhode Island; Trumbull, Connecticut; Blue Laws; Iv no vies, 
Roger Williams; Hart, Contemporaries, Sec. 113-122; Old South Leaflets, No. 8. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE. 

Summary. Grants of land and earlv settlements; Portsmouth and Dover 
1623; Early government relations with Massachusetts; Indian wars and 
savages; Character of settlers; Growth of colonies. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 172-3; IV, 1759-60; Standard works referred to 
under Massachusetts; also Hart, Contemporaries, I, Sec. 123-6; Source Book; Bel¬ 
knap, New Hampshire; Williamson, Maine; Documentary History of Maine and of New 
Hampshire; Old South Leaflets, No. 1, 21, 50, 55, 66. 

SETTLEMENT OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES. 

NEW YORK. 

Summary. Settlement by Dutch; Manhattan Island 1623; Object ana 
character of settlers; Charters, land grants and patroons; Dutch governors; 
Supremacy of the English; Forms of government; Modes of life; Rela¬ 
tion to other colonies. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 180-190; See List IV, 1760; O’Callaghan, New Nether- 
land; Hart, Contemporaries, Sec. 153-157; Source Book, 85-88; Bryant, United States, 
I, II, III; Bancroft, United States, I, II, III; Read, Hudson; Fiske, Dutch and Quaker 
Colonies; Old South Leaflets, No. 69, 27, 94, 168; Smith, New York; Roberts, New York; 
Brooks, New York; Lodge, Colonies; Fisher, Colonial Era; Broadhead, New York; Win- 
ior. America, III; Redway, Making of the Empire State. 

NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA AND DELAWARE. 

Summary: Land grants and charters to Carteret, Berkeley and Penn; 
Early settlements; Christiana 1638, Elizabethtown 1664, Philadelphia 
1682; The Swedes and Quakers; Penn’s character, ideas and laws— 
influence with the Indians; Charters, government and laws; Boundary dis¬ 
putes and contests; Education, religion and material progress. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 190-197; IV, 1761; Bryant, United States, II, III; 
Bancroft, United States, II, III; Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies; Winsor, America, III, 


28 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


IV, V; Lodge, Colonies; Hildreth, United States , II; Fisher, Colonial Era; Hart-, Sources, 
I, 49; Hart, Contemporaries, I, Sec. 158, 168, 169; Coffin, Old Times in the Colonies; Old 
South Leaflets, No. 75, 94, 95, 96, 150, 168, 171; Liberty Bell Leaflets, 1-6; Drake, Middle 
Colonies; Greene, Provincial America; Vincent, Delaware; Fisher, Making of Pennsyl¬ 
vania; Ferris, Delaware; Histories of Pennsylvania by Egle, Gordon and others; History 
of Quakers and special histories of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Deleware; Biographies 
of Penn. 

Maps and Pictures. Illustrating English Colonization’. Garner-Lodge, I, 182, 195, 
199, 202; Semple, Geographic Conditions; Brigham, Geographic Influences; Winsor, Amer¬ 
ica, III, IV, V; Epoch Maps; Sparks, Expansion; Wilson, American People, I, II; The 
Century, 1884-5; McCoun, Historical Geography; Coffin, Old Times in the Colonies; Tyler, 
English in America; Mrs. A. M. Earle’s books, Home Life, Child Life, Colonial Dames, 
Customs, etc. 

\ 

COLONIAL LIFE AND INSTITUTIONS. 

Summary. Races and classes; Industries, occupations and professions; 
Education, literature and printing; Religion and religious worship; Social 
gatherings and amusements; Home life, manners, customs and fashions; 
Indentured servants; Indian and negro slavery; Social distinctions*; Means 
of travel; Superstitions, crimes and punishments; Political life and 
institutions; Systems of local government: the town unit in New England, 
the county unit in the south, and the mixed system in the Middle Colonies. 

References. Garner-Lodge, I, 219-269; IV, 1762; Hart, Contemporaries, I, Sec. 
85-89 (South), 137-149 (New England), 168-172 (Middle Colonies), II, Sec. 16-18, 28-35, 
45-6, 80-87, 90-108; Old South Leaflets, No. 9, 21, 24-7, 50-53, 57, 87, 88, 110, 143, 154- 
155,163,164,169; Hart, Source Book, Sec. 11,12, 28-35,41, 43-47; Eggleston, United States; 
Lodge, Colonies; Scudder, Men and Manners One Hundred Years Ago; Thorpe, History 
of the American People; Thompson, The Hand of God in American History, ch. 2-3; Smith- 
Dunton, Colonial Life; Wilkins, In Colonial Times (Massachusetts); McMaster, United 
States, I, ch. 8; Channing, United States,!; Anderson, Colonial Era; Winsor, America, V; 
L T pham, Salem Witchcraft; Drake, Annals of Witchcraft; E. Eggleston, Transit of Civiliza¬ 
tion; Ballaugh, White Servitude; Coffin, Old Times in the Colonies; Standard school histories. 

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL-NEW ENGLAND COLONIES. 

I. Geography, Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, I, 110*, 116, 119, 150*, 157, 
161, 167*, 182, 194*, 198, 235, 243*, 251*, 256*, 265; Winsor, America, II, III, IV, V; 
Wilson, American People, I, II; Coffin, The Story of Liberty; Old Times in the Colonies; 
Mrs. Earle’s books on Colonial Home Life, Costumes, Manners, Customs, Fashions; 
Eggleston, United States; Eggleston, in Century, 1884-5; Scudder, Men and Manners One 
Hundred Years Ago; Sparks, Expansion; Semple, Geographic Conditions; Standard school 
histories; Magazines and periodicals. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: Mrs. J. G. Austin, Standish of Standish; Betty Alden; 
A Nameless Nobleman; Dr. Le Baron (Puritan Life); S. A. Drake, New England Legends 
and Folk Lore; Faith White’s Letter Book; Nathaniel Hawthorne, Grandfather’s Chair; 
Twice Told Tales; Legends of New England; The Scarlet Letter; Liberty Tree; Mrs. C. Gilman, 
Recollections of a New England Housekeeper; Seton, Romance of the Charter Oak (Connecti¬ 
cut); J. G. Holland, Bay Path (Connecticut); E. Kellogg, Good Old Times (Maine); Shaw, 
The Coast of Freedom; Lydia M. Childs, Hobomok (Plymouth); J. L. Motley, Merry Mount; 


ENGLISH COLONIZA LION 


29 


Wells-Smith, Young Puritans in King Phillip's TTar; Mrs. H. B. Stowe, The Mayflower; 
E. L. Bynner, Penelope's Suitors (Massachusetts); Mrs. A. M. Earle, Home Life in Colonial 
Days; Sabbath in Puritan New England; Customs and Fashions in old New England; Two 
Centuries of Costume; Stage Coach and Tavern Days; Colonial Dames; Child Life in Colonial 
Days. 

(2) Poetry: H. \Y. Longfellow, John Endicott; Courtship of Miles Standish; New 
England Tragedies; Giles Corey of Salem Farms; Eliot's Oak; The Challenge; John Pierpont, 
The Pilgrim Fathers; J. E. Rankin, The Word of God to Leyden Came; Preston, First Pro¬ 
clamation of Miles Standish; Thanksgiving Day; J. Doten, The Embarkation of the Pilgrims; 
Mrs. F. D. Hemans, The Landing of the Pilgrims; O. W. Holmes, The Pilgrim's Vision; 
C. H. Sweetser, The Pilgrims; J. G. Whittier, Mabel Martin; The Prophecy of Samuel 
Sewall; The Witch of Wenham; Abraham Davenport; The King’s Missive. 

III. Magazines. Social and Home Life: Harper, July, 1883; Jan. 1877; Century, 
Oct. 1884; April-July, 1885; Outlook, Jan. 2, 1904; Am. Hist. M., Dec. 1883; May, 1892; 
Current Literature, Mar. 1901; Ladies’ Home Journal, Dec. 1906 (First Christmas); 
Cosmopolitan, April, 1894; Chaut., Oct. 1903, Education and Religion: Scribner, 
Nov. 1875; Am. Hist. M., Jan. 1887; Feb. 1887; Harper, Oct. 1885. Industrial and 
General: Am. Hist. M., June, 1884; Atlantic, Nov. 1906; Jan. 1904; Century, Jan. 
1884; June, 1884; Scribner, April-May, 1902. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL—SOUTHERN AND MIDDLE COLONIES. 

I. Maps and Pictures. (See preceding section). 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: J. E. Cooke, The Virginian Comedians; Justice 
Harley (Virginia); My Lady Pocahontas; Stories of the Old Dominion (Virginia); F. J. 
Stimson, King AYanett (Virginia); L. M. Thurston, Mistress Brent (Maryland); M. W. 
Goodwin, Sir Christopher (Maryland); Mary Johnson, Prisoners of Hope (Bacon); To 
Have and to Hold (Virginia); Mary E. Wilkins, Hearts Highway (Virginia); J. P. Kennedy, 
Rob of the Bowl (Maryland); W. G. Simms, Cassique of Kiawah (South Carolina 1648); 
Sand. Hopkins, Youth of the Old Dominion (Virginia); St. George Tucker, Hansford (Bacon, 
Virginia); Win. A. Caruthers, Cavaliers of Virginia (Virginia); Knights of the Golden Horse¬ 
shoe; W. G. Simms, Yemassee (Indian Conspiracy, 1715); E. S. Brooks, In Leister’s Times 
(New York); Washington Irving, Knickerbocker History of New York; R. Markham, 
Colonial Days; J. F. Cooper, Water Witch (New York); Leather Stocking Tales (Indians 
in New York); Satanstoc (New York); J. K. Paulding, Koenigs Marke (Swedes on the Dela¬ 
ware); The Dutchman’s Fireside (New York); E. L. Bynner, The Begum's Daughter (New 
York): Brumbaugh and Walton, Stories of Pennsylvania. 

(2 1 Poetry: Frank Cowan, Southwestern Pennsylvania in Song and Story; Win. . 
McCarty, Songs, Odes and other Poems on National Subjects; Frank Moore, Songs and Ballads 
of the Southern People; Bliss Carmen, World's Best Poetry, VIII,“Poems of National Spirit”; 
Stedman and Hutchinson, Library of American Literature; E. S. Brooks, The Old Thirteen 
(Georgia); Tlios. Campbell, Gertrude of Wyoming (Pennsylvania); E. C. Stedman, Peter 
Stuyvcsant's New Year's Call; L. H. Sigourney, Pocahontas (Virginia); R. Rice, Penn 
(cariv life in colonies); J. G. Whittier, The Quaker of the Olden Time; The Pennsylvania 
Pilgrim. 

lxl. Magazines. Social and Home Life: Am. Hist. M., March, 1880; Mar .-Dec. 
1883; Jan.-Feb. 1892; April, 1893; Century, Oct. 1884; April, July, 1885; Dec. 1894; 
Feb. 1896; Harper, May, 1890; Scribner, Jan. 1879; Atheneum, Jan. 1900. Religion 
and Education: Century, April, 1887; May, 18S8; Atlantic, April, 1887; Am. Hist. M., 
Mar. 1887. Industrial: Harper, April-May, 1876; Jan. 1895; Am. Hist. M., May, 
18S4, Mar. 1887; May, 1888; Scribner, Oct. 1881. 


Whittier. 


Oh Spirit of that early day 
So pure and strong and true 
Be with us m the narrow way 
Our faithf ul fathers knew. 

The country felt honored by those who were 11 Virginians 
born,” and emigrants never again desired to live in England. 

—Bancroft. 


The Puritans—There is a charm in that word that will 
never be lost on a New England ear. — Whipple. 

Where liberty dwells there is my country .— Franklin. 

It is nearly all so beautiful and so fertile, so free from 
forests and rivers, so abounding in fish, game and venison 
that one can find there all that is needful to support flourish¬ 
ing colonies. 

—La Salle, (<describing the Mississippi valley). 

What strength! what strife, what rude unrest, 

What shocks, ivhat half-shaped armies met! — Miller. 

Dying in defeat or victory, 

Soundly sleep both heroes brave, 

Sadly they have learned the lesson, 

11 Glory leads but to the Grave.” 

—Murphy, “ Wolfe and Montcalm.” 


HO) 


("OLONIAL ("ONTESTS. 


FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN AMERICA—THE STRUGGLE FOR SUPREMACY. 


Summary. Early French discoveries along the coast, the St. Lawrence 
and the great Lakes and later in the Mississippi valley by Joliet, Marquette, 
Hennepin, La Salle and others; Resulting conflicting claims. 

French chain of forts and settlements: Quebec, Forts Frontenac, Oswego, 
Niagara, Le Boeuf, Detroit, St. Louis, Creve Coeur, Chartres, Kaskaskia, 
La Salle, Vincent, New Orleans and Biloxi; Importance of French chain and 


gateways. 

Relation of geography of the St. Lawrence and Mississippi valleys, of 
the Alleghany Mountains, of the location and direction of rivers and the 
general character of the country in their bearing on the struggle between 
the two nations; The influence of the Jesuits. 

The Indians, their treatment by the French and bv English; the Iroquois 
and the position of these Indians in the struggle. 

Contrasting colonization methods of the French and English. Relations 
of the mother countries in Europe, to the colonies in America; Advantages 
and disadvantages of each. 

Causes, principal events and results in each of the Intercolonial and 
French and Indian wars. 


References. Garner-Lodge, I, 270, 274, 279, 287, 293, 297, 301, 307, 312, 319, 327, 
341; IV, 1758, 1762; Parkman, Discovery of the Great West; Frontenac, 208, 335; Half 
Century of Conflict; Montcalm and Wolfe; Conspiracy of Pontiac; Old Regime in Canada; 
Drake, French and Indian War; Hinsdale, Old Northwest; Bancroft, United States, II; 
Bryant, United States, II, III; Lodge, Colonies; Fiske, New France; Sloane, French War 
and Revolution, ch. VI-IN; Wilson, American People, II; Fisher, Colonial Era; Winsor, 
America ; Cartier; Frontenac and Mississippi Basin; Harper, Encyclopedia of United States 
History; Thwaites, France in America; Hart, Contemporaries, II, Sec. 109-119; Source 
Book, Sec. 37-40; American History Leaflets, No. 14; Hosmer, Mississippi Valley; Old 
South Leaflets, No. 9, 4G, 73. 


ILLUSTRATIVE WORKS. 


I. Geography, Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, Maps 278, 288, 310, 326, 328, 
337; full page cuts, 282*, 302*, 330*; Semple, Geographic Conditions, 24-40; Thwaites, 
France in America; Brigham, Geographic Influences; Winsor, America, IV, V; Wilson, 
American People, I, II; Sparks, Expansion; Sloane, French War; Coffin, Old Times in the 
Colonies; Fiske, New France and New England. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: Mrs. M. H. Catherwood, Lady of Fort St. John; 
Story of Tonty; Romance of Dollard; A. C. Doyle, The Refugees (French in the North and 
West); J. F. Cooper, The Last of the Mohicans; The Pathfinder (Indians and border life); 

( 31 ) 


B. E. Stevenson, Soldier of Virginia (Braddock and Washington,); S. Merwin, 1 he lload 
to Frontenac; G. A. Henty, With 11 olfe in Canada; E. S. Van file, II ith Sword and C ru- 
cifix; W. R. A. Wilson, A Rose of Normandy; Gilbert Parker, The Seats of the Mighty; The 
Trail of the Sword; James De Mille, The Lily and the Cross (Acadia); Wm. M. 1 hackery. 



BEFORE THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 

(Spanish, French and English possessions from 1713 to 1763—50 years.) 



AFTER THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 
(Spanish and English possessions from 1763 to 1783—20 years.) 




















COLONIAL CONTESTS 


33 


The Virginians; Sewall, A Virginian Cavalier (Washington in French and Indian War); 
Kirk Munroe, At War with Pontiac. 

(2) Poetry: Bliss Carmen, World’s Best Poetry, VIII, “Poems of National Spirit”; 
E. C. Steelman and E. M. Hutchinson, Library of American Literature, I; II, 476-78; C. 1). 
Warner, World’s Best Literature; E. A. and G. L. Duyckinck, Ballads of the Old French 
War and Revolution. 

III. Magazines. Harper, June, 1883 (Hundred years’ war); June, 1882 (French over¬ 
throw); Nov. 1882, (Acadia); Feb. 1895 (Privateers); Jan. 1904; Atlantic, Nov. 1884; Mar. 
1885; years 1895-6; McClure, Jan., Sept. 1900; Nation, Oct. 30, 1884; Jan. 2, 1885. Wash- 
ington and Braddock: Am. Hist. M., May, Sept. 1885; Jan., Nov. ’86; April, 1887; 
St. Nicholas, year 1886. 

INTERCOLONIAL WARS. 


Wars, 

Cause. 

Principal Events. 

Results. 

King William’s. 

European war be¬ 
tween France and 
England. 

Indian massacres, Mont¬ 
real, Quebec, Port 
Royal. 

Territory unchanged. 

Queen Anne’s. 

European troubles, 
territorial con¬ 
flicts. 

Indian ravages, Montreal, 
Quebec, Port Royal. 

English gain Acadia 
and control of fisheries. 

Spanish and 
King George’s. 

European troubles. 

St.Augustine,Georgia in¬ 
vasion, Louisburg, In¬ 
dian massacres. 

Colonial territory un¬ 
changed. 

French and 

Indian. 

Rivalry between 

France and Eng¬ 
land. 

Conflicting land 
claims in America, 
conflicting settle¬ 
ments in the Ohio 
country. 

Great Meadows, Fort 
Necessity, Fort Du- 
Quesne, Fort Niagara, 
Ticonderoga, Louis- 
burg, Montreal, Fort 
Willaim Henry,Quebec, 
Cherokee War, Pon¬ 
tiac’s War. 

English gain all terri¬ 
tory east of Mississippi 
river except New Or¬ 
leans and two small 
islands near New¬ 
foundland. 

Colonists gain skill in 
arms, a greater love of 
liberty and form 
bonds of Union. 


























Taxation without representation is tyranny. — Otis. 

Liberty, property and no'stamps. 

—Rallying cry ( 1765 ). 

Give me liberty or give me death. — Patrick Henry. 

1 rejoice that America has resisted. 

—Pitt, in the House of Commons. 

The Americans will fight. England has lost her colonies 
forever. — Franklin. 

A voice in the darkness, a knock at the door, 

And a word which shall echo forever more. 

—Longfellow, Paul Revere’s Ride. 

9 

We must all hang together or assuredly we shall all hang 
separately. — Franklin. 

Yesterday the greatest question teas decided which ever was 
debated in America, and a greater perhaps never teas nor 
will he decided among men. — John Adams. 

I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. 

Nathan Hale. 

The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time. 

—Jefferson. 


' 34 '. 



REVOLUTION AND INDEPENDENCE. 


RUPTURE 


WITH THE MOTHER COUNTRY. 


Summary. Fundamental causes: The rights of Englishmen; Magna 
Cliarta; Arbitrary government by England; Growth of the spirit of liberty 
and of the idea of union against demands of the mother country; Char¬ 
acter of the colonists; Constitutional, economic and social conditions. 

More direct causes and events: Writs of assistance; Trade laws; Stamp 
act; Quartering troops; Boston Massacre; Boston Tea Party; Boston Port 
Bill, and other oppressive acts of Parliament. 

The Colonial Congresses and the first Continental Congress; The active 
struggle begun; Lexington and Concord, April 19, 1775; Mecklenberg Dec¬ 
laration; Ticonderoga, Boston and Bunker Hill ; The second Continental 
Congress; Washington assumes command July 3; Virginia Resolves; Loyal¬ 
ists and Tories. 

Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776; “Fighting for the rights of 
Men.” 


References. Garner-Lodge, I, 442, 377, 382, 390; Winsor, America, VI; Revolution’, 
Howard, Preliminaries oj the Revolution; Lodge, Colonies, ch. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 23; 
Trevelan, American Revolution; Mahon, England, ch. 46-50; Morse, Franklin; Ford, 
Franklin; Lecky, England, ch. 12; Ramsay, Revolution; Channing, United States, ch. 1,2, 
Adams, Three Episodes, II; Lecky, England in Eighteenth Century, ch. 12; Greene, Revo¬ 
lution; Fiske, Revolution; Hosmer, Samuel Adams; Tyler, Revolution; Patrick Henry; 
Liberty Documents, ch. 12; American History Leaflets No. 21. 33; Old South Leaflets, 
No. 3, 41,68; Fisher, Revolution, 1-182; Hart, Contemporaries, II, Sec. 37, 130-169; Source ; 
Book, Sec. 53; Sparks, Men Who Made the Nation, 1-118; John Adams, Works; Bancroft. 
United States, IV; LarnecI, History for Ready Reference, V; Lossing, Revolution; Coffin, 
Boys of 76; McDonald, Charters, I; Van Tyne, Loyalists in the Revolution, 1-5; Biographies 
of Patrick Henry, James Otis, Samuel Adams, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington. 


REVOLUTIONARY WAR—CAMPAIGNS IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES. 


The French Alliance; Arnold’s treason. 

Successes on the ocean and in the Mississippi valley. 

Summary. 1776, loss of New York and the lower Hudson; Retreat 
across New Jersey, August-September; Trenton, December 26, and 
Princeton, January 3; Burgoyne’s campaign; Bennington and Saratoga, 
August-October; Brandywine, Germantown, and Valley Forge. 

Howe at Philadelphia; Seat of government moved from place to place. 
Monmouth, Lee and Washington; Stony Point; Wyoming massacre; 
Conway Cabal. 

Franklin in France and his influence; Treaties, their nature and results; 

( 35 ) 


36 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Marquis de Lafayette, Baron Steuben, Baron De Kalb, Rocharnbeau, 
De Grasse, D’Estiang, Count Pulaski, Kosciusko and their services to the 
United States. 

John Paul Jones and naval warfare; Treason of Benedict Arnold. 

War in the West; Importance of the work of George Rogers Clark in 
the Mississippi valley. 

Difficulties of Congress; Paper money; Revolt of troops. 

References. Garner-Lodge, II, 423, 431, 445, 456, 472, 493, 501, 526, 543; IV, 
1763-66; Lecky, England , ch. 12-14; Frothingham, Rise of the Republic; Carrington, Revolu- 



BRITISH POSSESSIONS BEFORE THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 


tion; Towner, Lafayette; Fiske, Revolution , I, 191-344; II, 1-93; Roosevelt, Winning of 
the West, II, 1-12, 68-84; Channing, United States, 67-87; Van Tyne, Loyalists; Tyler, Rev¬ 
olution; Greene, Revolution, 67-137; Fisher, Revolution; Lodge, Revolution; Hart, Lorma - 
tion of Union, Sec. 31-47; Larned, III, IV, V; Bancroft, United States, V, VI; Bryant, 
United States, III, IV; Hale, Lranklin in Trance; Drake, Burgoyne’s Invasion; Old South 
Leaflets, No. 43, 47, 68, 72, 86, 97, 98, 156, 173; McDonald, Documents; American History 
Leaflets, No. 5, 11, 14, 20; Hart, Contemporaries, II, Sec. 153, 170-210; Source Book, 
Sec. 59-63; Bell, Liberty Documents, 13-15; Abbott, Blue Jackets of 76; Winsor, 









America, VI, VII; Revolution; Biographies of Washington by Lodge, Wilson and Wash¬ 
ington Irving; Morse, Franklin; Jefferson; Lives of Paul Jones, Geo. Rogers, Clark, liobt. 
Morris, Gen. Howe, Benedict Arnold, Clinton, Putnam, Schuyler, Hale, Stark, Wayne, 
Lee, Pulaski, I)e Kalb, Kosciusko. 

THE WAR IN THE SOUTHERN COLONIES. 

Summary. Plan of the British in contrast with their northern cam¬ 
paigns; Charleston and Ft. Moultrie. 



GEO. ROGERS CLARK’S EXPEDITION, 1778-1789. Unshaded part gained by Clark’s Expedition 


The campaign in Georgia and the recovery of the Carolinas; Gen. Greene 
from Cowpens to Guilford Court House; Hobkirk’s Hill and Eutaw Springs. 
Policies of Spain and France during the war. 

Services of Lafayette and Rochambeau in Virginia. 

The Yorktown campaign; Washington and the surrender of Cornwallis. 
Close of the war; the Paris treaty of peace, September 3, 17S3; Provis¬ 
ions and territory granted.. 


References. 


Garner-Lodge, II, 485-492, JO 1-525; IV, 17G8-0; Lecky, England; 





38 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Bryant, United States, III, IV; Fiske, Revolution , II; Critical Period, 1-49; Bancroft, Uni¬ 
ted States, V) Nihon, American People, 11,111; Greene, Revolution, 245; Lossing, Field 
Book, II; Channing, United States; Lodge, American Revolution; Hildreth, United States, 
III; McCrady, South Carolina, III, IV; Winsor, United States, VI, VII; McMaster, Uni¬ 
ted States, I; Higginson, United States; Hale, Franklin in France; Hart, Contemporaries, 
II, Sec. 205-220; Source Book; McDonald, Select Documents; Charters; Sparks, Diplomatic 
Correspondence of the Revolution; Biographies of Gen. Green, Gen. Marion, Lafayette, De 
Kalb, Morgan, Steuben, Cornwallis, Franklin. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 


I. Maps and Plans. Garner-Lodge, II, 397, 408, 429, 433, 441, 449, 454,457, 460, 469, 
486, 499, 502-3, 509; Epoch maps, No. 5; Semple, Geographic Conditions, 46, 74; Brigham, 
Geographic Influences; Winsor, America, VI, VII; Wilson, American People, II, III; Los¬ 
sing, Field Book of the Revolution; Coffin, Boys of ’76; McCoun, Historical Geography; 
Standard school histories. 

Pictures. Garner-Lodge, 357, 369, 387, 403 % 413-16, 418, 425, 437*, 467, 478, 513'% 
519*,523*, 529,535*,539*; Winsor, America, V, VI, VII; Wilson, American People, II, III; 
Lossing, Field Book of the Revolution; Coffin, Boys of ’76; Standard school histories by 
Mace, Hart, Montgomery, Channing, Chancellor, Barnes, Eggleston, Fiske, Davidson, 
Higginson, Mowry, Burton, Scudder, Redway, Thomas, McMaster, Gibson. 

Paintings. Trumbull, Battle of Bunker Hill; Battle of Princeton ; Surrender of Bur- 
joyne; Surrender of Cornwallis; Signing of the Declaration of Independence; Page, Boston 
Massacre; Faed, Washington at Trenton; Smirke, Cornwallis’ Surrender; Bicknell, Battle 
if Lexington; Chapman, Constitution and Guerriere; Rossiter, Washington and Lafayette at 
Mt. Vernon. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: John Eston Cooke, Dr. Vandyke (Virginia before 
the Revolution); Bonnybell Vane (Virginia); Fairfax (Virginia); Winston Churchill, Richard 
Carvel (Paul Jones); The Crossing; S. Wier Mitchell, Hugh Wynn (Lafayette and others); 
L. M. Childs, The Rebels, or Boston Before the Revolution; Mrs. N. M. Tiffany, Pilgrims and 
Puritans; J. Fenimore Cooper, The Spy; The Pilot (Paul Jones); Lionel Lincoln; D. P. 
Thompson, Green Mountain Boys; Maurice Thompson, Alice of Old Vincennes; E. P. Roe, 
Near Nature’s Heart (Washington and Arnold); W. A. Simms, The Partisans; Mellichampe; 
The Scout; Katharine Walton; The Foragers; The Eutaws (Simms’ six stories of the revo- 
ution in the south); F. Brete Harte, Thankful Blossom (Morristown 1779-80); Benjamin 
Franklin, Autobiography; M. J. Lamb, Homes of America; John Adams, Diary. 

(2) Poetry: Bliss Carmen, World’s Best Poetry, VIII, “ Poems of National Spirit ”; 
E. C. Stedman and E. M. Hutchinson, Library of American Literature, III, 234, 244, 256, 
263, 361-371; G. C. Eggleston, American War Ballads; Frank Moore, Songs and Ballads 
if the Revolution; B. Mathews, Poems of American Patriotism; Raymond, Ballads of the 
Revolution; Winthrop Sargent, Loyalist Poetry of the Revolution; E. A. and G. L. Duyck- 
nck, Ballads of the French War and the Revolution; O. W. Holmes, The Boston Tea Party; 
Grandmother’s Story of Bunker Hill; Lexington; Washington Elm; H. W. Longfellow, Paul 
Revere’s Ride; Pulaski’s Banner; R. W. Emerson, The Boston Tea Party; The Concord 
Hymn; J. Pierpont, Warren’s Address; W. C. Bryant, The Green Mountain Boys; Seventy- 
Six-, Song of Marion’s Men; The Minute Men; Washington; Bennington; T. B. Reed, The 
Revolutionary Rising; The Brave at Home; J. G. Whittier, Yorktown; The Old South; F. M. 
Finch, Nathan Hale; Wm. Collins, Molly Maguire; Philip Freneau, Eutaw Springs; E. C. 
Jones, Marion’s Dinner; G. H. McMaster, The Old Continentals; J. Campbell, Gertrude of 
Wyoming; J. R. Lowell, Concord Ode; July Fourth; Anonymous, Washington’s Farewell to 


HOW AMERICAN SHIPS HAVE FOUGHT AROUND THE WORLD 



3—BATTLE BETWEEN AMERICAN BRIG REPRISAL ANI> BRITISH 
SLOOP SHARK, OFF MARTINIQUE, SUMMER Or 1776. 

*—PAUL JONES ON AMERICAN BRIG PROVIDENCE 1 OUGHT 
BRITISH FLEET Or 5 VESSELS OFF BERMUDAS, SEPT. 1, 1776. 

5— PAUL JONES OFF NOVA SCOTIA. SEPT. 1776. 

6— PAUL JONES OFF NOVA SCOTIA, SEPT. 22, 1776. 

7— PAUL JONES OFF CAPE BRETON. NOV. 2. 1776. 

8— BATTLE OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN, OCTOBER. 1776. 

9 AMERICAN BRIG LEXINGTON CAPTURED IN ENGLISH CHAN¬ 
NEL. SEPT. 20. 1777. 

10—PAUL JONES ON THE BON HOMME RICHARD DEFEATS BRIT¬ 
ISH BRIG SERAPIS OFF SCARBOROUGH, ENG., SEPT. 23. 1779. 

n —constitution captured French frioate insurgent 

OFF ST. KITT'S, FEB. 9, 1799. 

12 ENTERPRISE CAPTURED BARBART PIRATE TRIPOLI OFF 
ISLAND OF MALTA. AUG. 1, 1801. 

’li-PHILABEIPHIA CAPTURED BARBARY PIRATE OFT TRIPOLL 

OCT. 31. 1803. 


16— CONSTITUTION SUNK THE GUERBIERE OPP GULP OP ST 
LAWRENCE, AUG. 19, 1817. 

17— WASP CAPTURED BRITISH SLOOP PROLIC OPP CAPE HAT- 
TERAS, OCT. 18, 1812. 

18— UNIED STATES FIGHTS BRITISH SHIP MACEDONIAN BE¬ 
TWEEN AZORES AND CANARIES OCT. 25, 1812. 

19 CONSTITUTION SUNK BRITISH SHIP JAVA OPP COAST OF 
BRAZIL, DEC. 29, 1812. 

peacocx orr «—*~ 
“"STEEDS* BT B “ TI3H 3Klr ***"”°* OFF 803- 

“ 2 C “S“ 3 BBIT “ H PaD!E °" oaerfross isebnd. 
“~“T 8 r , CAPTaBE3 B * rri3H nt out.qoo. bat. tone 


TO ENGLISH CHANNEL JUKE 28. 1314. 

27— PRESIDENT CAPTURED OFF JERSEY COAST, JAN. 16. 1815. 

28— AMERICAN SHIP HORNET CAPTURED BRITISH SHIP PSS- 
GUIN. OFF TRISTAN D ACUNHA, MARCH 23. 1613. 

29— A MER ICAN SHIP F V. _YD SHIP CAPTURED BY NATTV* PI¬ 
RATES OFP COAST OF SUMATRA, FER. 7, 1831; NATIVES PUN¬ 
ISHED IN 1838. 

30— BOMBARDMENT OP VERA CRUS. OCTOBER. 1346. 

31— BOMBARDMENT OP PEIHO RIVER FORTS. JULY 29, 1856. 

32— BOMBARDMENT OF CAATOH FORTS, NOV. 15, 1856. 

33— CONFEDERATE MERRXMAC SUNK U. S. FRIGATE CUMBER¬ 
LAND IN HAMPTON ADS, MARCH 8, 1862. RATTLE BE¬ 
TWEEN MERKIMAC AND MONITOR. MARCH 9. 1863. 

34— BATTLE OP NEW ORLEANS, APRIL 24, 1862. 

35— XXARSAROE SUNK THE ALABAMA OFF CHERBOURG, rSAJTCX, 

JUNE 19. 1864. 

36— BATTLE OF MOBILE. AUG. 5. 1864. 

37— BATTLE OF MANILA. HAT 1. 1896. 

























































































































































REVOLUTION AND INDEPENDENCE 


39 


His Arm;/; Independence Bell; Sword of Bunker Hill; Ballad of Elizabeth Zone; Trenton; 
Emily Geiger. 

III. Magazines. Causes of War: Century, Nov. 1902; Jan.-Apl. 1903; Atlantic, 
Sept. 1887; Mar.-Apl. 1888; Harper, July. 1876; Aug. 1883; New Eng. M., June, 
1893; Am. Hist. M., June, 1877; June, 1892. 

Principal Events: Mecklenberg Declaration —Harper, July, 1906; Nation, June 7, 1906; 
N. Am., Apl. 1874; Am. Hist. M., Jan.-Mar. 1889; Declaration of Independence —Dial, 
Oct. 1, 1906; Bookman, May, 1906; Woman’s Home Companion, July, 1905; Scrib., July, 
1876 (history of); Am. Hist. M. Sept.-Dee., 1888; Harper, May, 1875 (Concord); July, 1875; 
July, 1886 (Bunker Hill); Atlantic, Apr. 1876 (Boston); May, 1889 (Philadelphia); Mar. 
1889; May, 1889 (Burgoyne); Cosmop., Feb. 1906 (Valley Forge); Atlantic, Oct. 1889 
(Newport); Dec. 1887 (John Paul Jones); Century, Apl. 1895 (John Paul Jones); Sept.- 
Dec. 1890 (South); Yorktown —Am. Hist. M. July, 1880; Jan.-Nov., 1881; Harper, Aug 
1881. 


General Topics: Harper, July, 1876; May, July, 1875; July, 1886; Outlook, Jan. 3, 
1903; Atheneum, Jan. 11, 1902; Nation, June, 4 1903; Munsey, Oct. 1900; Harper, May, 
1875 (Revere); R. of R., Apl. 1903; New Eng. M., May, 1891; Century, Apl. 1903; Harper, 
July, Aug. 1873; July, 1876; Oct. 1877 (Burgoyne); Aug. 1883; June, 1880 (Hale); July, 
1880 (Franklin); June, 1878 (Lee); July, 1S99; Nov. 1902 (Wayne); July, 1876 (Adams); 
Outing, May, 1906 (Morgan); Jan. 1906 (Marion); July, 1906 (Lee); Scrib., Sept. 1901; 
Independent, Feb. 4, 1904; Atlantic, May, 1889 (Saratoga); Aug. 1889 (Conway Cabal); 
Arnold —Harper, Nov. 1861; Jan. 1903; Atlan., Oct. 1890; Washington —N. Am., Oct. 
1881; Harper, Mar., 1S82; July-Sept. 1896; Century, Apl. 18S9; May, 1890; Feb.-Apl. 
1892; Nov. 1S92. 


New times demand new manners and new men. 

The world advances, and in time outgrows 

The laws that in our father’s days were best. — Lowell. 

Let us raise a standard to which the wise and honest can 
repair. The event is in the hand of God. 

—Washington, in speech to Convention. 

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more 
perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, 
provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, 
and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our pos¬ 
terity, do ordain and establish this Constitution of the United 
States of America .— Preamble to the Constitution. 

First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his coun¬ 
trymen. — Lee, in a Toast to Washington. 

Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute. 

—Pinckney (1796). 

Promote then, as a matter of primary importance, insti¬ 
tutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. 

—Washington, Farewell Address. 

And fixed as yonder orb divine 

That saw thy bannered blaze unfurled, 

Shall thy proud stars resplendent shine , 

The guard and glory of the world. 


—Drake. 



THE NEW NATION. 


COLONIES TO STATES. 

Summary. Social, economic, and political conditions. 

Development of idea of union and self government—founded on 
inherent rights of man, fostered by town meeting, local self government 
and the privileges enjoyed by life of colonists, by wars with the Indians 
and French and the gradual growth of ideas of liberty and government. 

Early colonial federations of the New England towns and plantations; 
The New England Union 1643; Penn's Plan of Union 16S9. 

Colonial and Continental Congresses: Powers, derivation, extent and 
execution. 


GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONFEDERATION. 

Summary. Finances of the Revolution; Paper money, debts of states 
and the nation; Loans, expenditures, revenue and coinage plans. 

Boundaries and land claims; Cessions by New York, Virginia, Massa¬ 
chusetts and Connecticut (forming Northwest Territory); Southwest ces¬ 
sions by North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 

Ordinances of 1784 (Jefferson), 1785 (Grayson), 1787 (Northwest 
territory). 

Questions relating to slavery: Taxation, trade and prohibitions’; Eman¬ 
cipation in northern states. 

Trade and foreign relations; Defects and weakness of Confederation. 

References. Garner-Lodge, II, 544-554, 554-62 563-72; See book list IV, 1766; 
Fiske, Critical Period; Frothingham, Rise of the Republic, 12; Lalor, Cyclopedia, I, 191; 
II, 189; III, 31, 914; McMaster, United States, I, III; Bryant, United States; Bancroft, 
United States, VI; Constitution, I; Hildreth, United States, III; Wilson, The State, 832; 
Channing, United States, I, 107; Von Holst, Constitutional History, I, 26; Winsor, America; 
Wilson, American People, III; Larned, IV, 2377, 2929; V, 3252, 3280, 3289; Curtis, Con¬ 
stitutional History, II, 98; Walker, Making of the Nation; Schouler, United States, I; Sparks, 
Expansion; Hart, Contemporaries, II, Sec. 209, 210; III, Sec. 10-36, 37-59; Source Book, 
Sec. 64-67; Preston, Documents; McDonald, Select Documents, No. 4; Old South Leaflets, 
No. 13, 15, 16, 40, 42, 127; American History Leaflets, No. 5, 14, 16, 22; United States 
Geological Survey, Bulletin No. 13; Journals of Congress, 1776-1786; Liberty Doc¬ 
uments, 16; Locke, Anti-Slavery, 46, 112; Roosevelt, Winning of the West. 

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REPUBLIC. 

Summary. Steps leading to the constitutional convention. Proposed 


42 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 

amendments to the Articles of Confederation; Virginian conference, 1785, 
and Annapolis convention 1786; Purposes and results. 

Philadelphia convention 1787; Personnel of the convention; Virginia, 
New Jersey and other plans; Debates and discussions. 

Difficulties: The three compromises, (1) representation in Congress, 
(2) slave representation, (3) slave trade. 

Ideas of relation of states and of the general government; A league or 



SPA N/Stf 


Qt/Lf or A7FX/CO 


Y777A £MCUSM 
I-1 VM/TFD STATfS. 


CONDITIONS AFTER THE REVOLUTION. BOUNDARIES AS MADE BY 

THE TREATY OF PARIS. 


compact, or a centralized government; State sovereignty or national union; 
Which first, the State or the Union? 

The Constitution contrasted with the Articles of Confederation new 
features in the former, distinguishing features of each; Essential features 
of the Constitution. 

References. Garner-Lodge, II, 572-95, 595-600; Consult books named in IV, 1766- 
McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution; Fiske, Critical Period, 216; Curtis, Conslitu ; 
tional History , I; Cooley, Constitutional Law, ,ch. 2; Von Holst, Constitutional History, 47; 












THE NEW NATION 


43 


Jefferson Davis, Confederate Government, I; Bancroft, United States, VI; Bryce, Common¬ 
wealth, 1-5; Story, Commentaries, Sec. 306; Landon, Constitutional History, 77; Chan- 
ning, UnitedStates, 122; Lalor, Cyclopedia,!, 637; Dewey, Financial History, Sec. 27: 
Sparks, Men Who Made the Nation; McMaster, United States, I; Wilson, American People, 
III; Larned, History for Ready Reference, IV, V; Madison, Diary of Constitutional Con¬ 
vention; Hart, Contemporaries, III, Sec. 54-75; Source Book, Sec. 68-70; Hare, American 
Constitutional Law; American History Leaflets, No. 8; Old South Leaflets, No. 1, 12, 
70, 99, 127; McDonald, Select Documents, 5; Baker, The Federal Constitution. For period 
of establishment of the government and the Federal supremacy consult the following: 
Biographies of Alexander Hamliton, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay, 
George Washington, James Madison, Gouveneur Morris, Patrick Henry, Rufus King, 
Elbridge Gerry, John Dickinson, George Cabot, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Timothy 
Pickering, Edmund Randolph, Albert Gallatin, John Randolph, Fisher Ames, A. J. 
Dallas, John Trumbull, Aaron Burr; Lives of Chief Justices. 

Magazines. Government: Harper, Jan. 1884; Am. Hist. M. Oct. 1885. The Con¬ 
federation: Atlantic, Mar., May, July, Sept., Nov. 1865; Feb., June, 1887; Nov. 1886; 
Harper, Apl. 1862; Century, Sept. 1887. The Convention and the Constitution: Am, 
Hist. M., May, Aug. 1887; Jan. 1890; June, 1889; Dec. 1885; Feb., Apl., June, Aug. 
1668; Mar. 1891; Yr. 1886; Dec. 1887; Apl. 1885; N. Am., Apl. 1876; Nation, Feb. 22, 
1906. Religion and Education: Am. Hist. M., Feb. Aug. Oct. 1886; Apr. 1888. 


THE CONSTITUTION. 

THREE DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT. 

I. Legislative. 

Congress: (1) Senate and House of Representatives. (2) Pow¬ 
ers of each, joint, special, delegated and implied. (3) Acts prohibited to 
Congress or prohibited to the states. 

II. Executive. 

(1) President and Vice-President: Eligibility, qualifications ancl 

election; Powers and duties of each. 

(2) The Cabinet: Appointment, powers and duties. 

Executive Departments. 

Bureaus and Divisions:—Origin, object, jurisdiction, powers 
and duties of each; Appointment, powers and duties of 
executive heads and subordinates. 

III. Judiciary. 

Federal: Supreme, Circuit and District Courts; Organization, 
jurisdiction, powers and duties of each. 

State: Supreme, Appellate, Superior, Circuit and Local Courts; 
Organization, jurisdiction, powers and duties of each. 


44 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


ADMINISTRATION OF WASHINGTON 1789-1797. 

ADAMS’ ADMINISTRATION 1797-1801. 

THE FEDERAL SUPREMACY. 

Summary. Election; 1789, Inauguration; Organization of departments 
and formation of judiciary. 

Organization of a financial system: (1) To provide for debts of the gov¬ 
ernment and to refund the Continental currency; (2) To establish a means 
of revenue; (3) To provide a monetary system; Measures mainly due to 
Hamilton. 

Amendments to the constitution; their nature. 

Whiskey Rebellion and Indian troubles; The slavery question; Com¬ 
plications with England and France; Development of the West; Admission 
of Vermont, Kentx cky and Tennessee; Federalist measures; Alien and 
sedition laws; Virginia and Kentucky resolutions. 

References. Garner-Lodge, II, 601, 675; Annals of Congress, I-X; Bancroft, 
United States, VI, 463; Constitution, II, 351; Walker, The Making of the Nation, 64-168; 
Channing, United States, 133, 147; Johnston, Politics, 30; McMaster, United States, I, 
525; II, 24,67, 144; III, 116; Lalor, Cyclopedia of Political Science, I, II, III; Wilson, 
American People, III, 98; Gordy, Political Parties, I, 105; Wilson, Slave Power, I; 
Von Holst, Constitutional History, I; Hart, Formation of the Union, 103-171; Winsor, 
America, VII; Elson, Side Lights, I, 54-79; Hinsdale, Old Northwest, 296, 368; Hart, Con¬ 
temporaries, III, Sec. 76-105; Source Book, Sec. 71-73; Harper, Cyclopedia of United States 
History, Old South Leaflets, No. 4,10, 12, 38, 40, 74, 76, 78, 103; Bassett, Federalist System; 
Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV; Wise, Seven Decades, 1; Presidents’ Messages and 
Documents; Sparks, Men Who Made the Nation; McDonald, Select Documents; Charters; 
Biographies mentioned in previous section. 

Magazines. Washington and His Administration: Harper, Mar. 1882; July, Sept. 
1896; Century, Apl. 1889, May, 1890, Feb.-Apl. 1892, Nov. 1890; Harper, Feb. 1884, 
Apl. 1889, Mar. 1884; Am. Hist. M., Feb. 1889. Governmental: Harper, May, 1862, Jan. 
1870; Atlantic, Mar .-May, 1886 (Confederation); Am. Hist. M., Jan. *1882, Jan. 1884, 
Jan. May, 1887; Chaut., Dec. 1904. Social and Industrial: Harper, Apl. 1889, Jan. 
1887, June, 1892, Feb. 1884; New Eng. M., May-Oct. 1890; Am. Hist. M., May-Dec. 1888, 
Feb. 1893, Oct. 1884, Oct. 1887, July, 1888. 

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Geography, Maps and Sketches. Garner-Lodge, II, 568-9 (land claims of states) 
589-92; Semple, Geographic Conditions, 75-113; Brigham, Geographic Influences; Bassett, 
The Federalist System; McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution; Thwaites, Rocky 
Mountain Exploration; Standard school histories. 

Pictures: Garner-Lodge, II, 603, 607*, 611, 629*, 643*, 669*; Coffin, Building of the 
Nation; Wilson, American People, III; Sparks, Expansion; Mrs. Earle’s books on life, 
manners, costumes, transportation, etc.; Eggleston, United States; Men and Manners; 
Winsor, Drake. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: H. Martineau, The Peasant and the Prince (French 
Revolution); Charles Dickins, The Tale of Two Cities (French Revolution); G. A. Henty, 
In the Reign of Terror (French Revolution); C. B. Brown, Arthur Mervyn (Philadelphia, 


THE NEW NATION 


45 


1793-98); II. H. Brackenridge, Modern Chivalry (The Whiskey Insurrection); E. Bellamy, 
The Duke of Stockbridge (Shay’s Rebellion); J. K. Paulding, John Bull and Brother Jona¬ 
than; G. C. Eggleston, Strange Stories (Washington’s Administration); C. E. A. Gayarre, 
Aubert Dabayat (France and the United States 1780-97); Gertrude Atherton, The Con¬ 
queror (Hamilton); Gilmore, Rear Guard of the Revolution; Advance Guard of Western 
Civilization; John Sevier (Kentucky); C. Goodloe, Calvert of Strathore. 

(2) Poetry: Bliss Carmen, World's Best Poetry, VIII, “Poems of National Spirit”; 



STATE TERRITORIAL CLAIMS. 


Stcdman-Hutchinson, Library of Literature; E. 11. 1 earson, Out C ounhy, W. C. Biyant, 
Library of Poetry and Song; Coates, Encyclopaedia of Poetry; C. D. Warner, World's Best 
Literature; O.W. Holmes, Washington's Birthday; Poems on Washington by J. H. Ingerham, 
D. Humphrey, J. R. Lowell, Sidney Lanier, J. Pierpont, B. Y. Prince, II. Timrod, J. G. 
Whittier, M. S. Pike, Edna Dean Proctor; Anonymous, Washington’s Farewell to Ilis 
Army; Joseph Hopkinson, Hail Columbia (1798); Joseph Rodman Drake, The American 

Flog. 






























































































































































































From this day the United States take their place among the 
powers of the first rank. 

—Livingston, on signing Louisiana Treaty. 

When a man assumes public trust, he should consider 
himself as public property. — Jefferson. 

To direct the genius and resources of our country to use¬ 
ful improvements, to the sciences, the arts, the amendment of 
the public mind and morals, in such pursuits lie real honor 
and the nation’s glory. — Tablet to Robert Fulton. 

We have met the enemy and they are ours. — Perry. 

And the Star Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave, 

O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave. 

—Francis Scott Key. 

And so, through joys and sorrows, smiles and tears, 

I say, u God bless the sturdy Pioneers — Rinehart. 

/ 

They plo w and so w, 

And fertilize the sod with their own life, 

As did the Indian and the Buffalo. — Hamlin Garland. 

It is the duty of every man, though he may have but one 
day to live, to devote that clay to the good of his country. 

—Elbridge Gerry. 

So well and bravely has he done the work he found to do, 

To justice, freedom, duty, God, and man forever true. 

—Whittier, J. Q. Adams. 


( 46 ) 



ENLARGED FOUNDATIONS. 


ADMINISTRATIONS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON, 1801-1809. 
JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANISM. 

Summary. Decline of the Federalists and supremacy of Republican¬ 
ism; Election of 1800; The Jefferson-Burr deadlock; Jefferson President; 
Contrasted policies; Political appointments; Civil service; “Reforms”; 
Judiciary Act. 

Western expansion; Purchase of Louisiana (1803); Lewis and Clark 
(1804-5); Explorations in the West—their importance; Development of 
states and territories. 

Hamilton and Burr (1804); Fulton’s steam boat (1807). 

Foreign Relations; War with Tripoli; War between England and 
France; Complications; French Decrees and British Orders; “Free 
trade and sailors rights.” 

Supreme court decisions. 

♦ * 

References. Garner-Lodge, II, 676-719; IV, 1767-8; Annals of Congress, XI-XX; 
Channing, Jeffersonian System; Hosmer, The Louisiana Purchase; Short History of the 
Mississippi Valley; Cooley, Acquisition of Louisiana; Sparks, Expansion; Walker, The 
Making of the American Nation, 94; Hart, Formation of Union, Sec. 94-105; McMaster, 
United States, III,IV; Caldwell, Territorial Development, 77; Old South Leaflets, No. 42, 
44, 104, 105, 128, 131; Von Holst, Constitutional History, I, 183; Lalor, Cyclopedia, II, III; 
Bryant, United States, IV, 145; Winsor, America, VII; Mart, Contemporaries, Sec. 106-122; 
Source Book, Sec. 78-81; Biographies of Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Aaron 
Burr, Albert Gallatin, John Randolph, Robert Fulton, Lewis and Clark, Gouverneur 
Morris, Elbridge Gerry, John Marshall, Thomas Pickering. 


ADMINISTRATIONS OF JAMES MADISON AND WAR OF 1812. 


Summary: Election; Madison’s character and policy. 

Continental troubles with France and England; More “Decrees,” and 
“Orders in Council.” 

The Second War for Independence: Preliminary incidents; Tecumseh’s 
conspiracy; Comparative strength of the two nations, on land and on the 
sea; Frontier warfare; War at sea; Perry’s victory on Lake Erie. 

The Hartford Convention: Cause, object and results; Attitude of New 
England toward the war; Political parties, principles and measures of each. 

War in the east; Washington and Baltimore (Star Spangled Banner); 
Battle of New Orleans; Treaty of Peace. 

Results of the war: (1) Debt increased to $127,000,000, business 

(47) 


48 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


depressed and ocean commerce ruined; (2) Manufacturing increased, 
resources developed and the prestige of the United States established. 

Internal Improvements: Desire for highways and canals; The Cumber¬ 
land Road—character and importance; Views of statesmen; Growth of 
manufacturing interests and tariff ideas. 

References. Garner-Lodge, II, 720-763; IV, 1766-7; Hart, Formation of the Union, 
Sec. 107; McMaster, United States, III; Roosevelt, Naval ITaro/1812; Maclay, History of 
the United States Navy; Wilson, American People, III, 234; Mahan, War of 1812; Hosmer, 
Mississippi Valley, 146; Hart, Contemporaries, Sec. 123-131; Source Book, Sec. 82-93; Cald¬ 
well, Studies, 204; Larned, History for Ready Reference, III, V; Wilson, American People, 
III, 204; Brooks, American Sailors; Winsor, America, VII; Lalor, Cyclopedia, II; Old South 
Leaflets, No. 108; Higginson, United States, 390, 404; Hinsdale, Old Northwest, 313, 351, 
380; Sparks, Expansion, 220; Biographies mentioned in previous section also those of 
James Madison, Tecumseh and the Shawnee Prophet, General Jackson, Stephen Decatur, 
O. H. Perry, John Quincy Adams. 

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Maps, Sketches, Plans and Pictures: Garner-Lodge, II, 679, 704 ::: , 723*, 
727*, 731, 735*, 739*, 747, 749*, 751, 755*, Lossing, Field Book of 1812; Wilson, American 
People, III; Semple, Geographic Conditions, 134-149; Coffin, Building of the Nation; Bab¬ 
cock, Rise of American Nationality; Maclay, History of United States Navy; Winsor, 
America; Brigham Geographic Influences; Standard school histories. 

II. Pen Pictures. Prose: H. B. Stowe. Old Town Folks (New England); The 
Minister’s Wooing (New England); A. E. Barr, Maid of Maiden Lane (New York); Trinity 
Bells (New York); J. P. Kennedy, Swallow Barn (Virginia); J. K. Paulding, Westward Hof 
(Kentucky); E. L. Bynner, Zachary Phipps (Story of a Boston boy in 1800); Geo. W. Cable, 
The Grandissimes (Louisiana); Strange True Stories of Louisiana; R. M. Bird, Nick of the 
Woods (Kentucky); Eva E. Dye, The Conquest (Louisiana Purchase); A. B. Longstreet, 
Georgia Scenes (1790-1850); E. E. Hale, A Man Without a Country (Burr); Philip Nolan’s 
Friends; Mary Dillon, The Rise of Old St. Louis (Louisiana Purchase); C. F. Pidgin, Blen- 
nerhassett (Burr); G. C. Eggleston, Capt. Sam; Signal Boys; Big Brother (Three Stories of 
War of 1812); Sewall, Decatur; Little Jarvis; Kirk Munroe, Midshipman Stuart; Howard 
Pyle, Within the Capes; Haines, The Cruise of the Petrel; Irving Bacheller, Dri and I (Com. 
Perry); Washington Irving, Leu'is and Clark; Astoria (Fur traders in the Northwest); 
Johnston, American Orations, I, 164-215; II, 33-101; S. K. Bolton, Famous American 
Statesmen (Jefferson); Eloquence of the United States, III; Reed, Modern Eloquence; W. E. 
Barton, The Prairie Schooner. 

(2) Poetry: Bliss Carmen, World’s Best Poetry; Stedman-Hutchinson, Library of 
American Literature; South, Our Country in Song and Story; C. D. Warner, World’s Best 
Literature; W. C. Bryant, Library of Poetry and Song; Murphy, Flashlights in Our Country’s 
History; O. W. Holmes, Union and Liberty; Old Ironsides (Ship Constitution); God Save 
the Flag; Francis Scott Key, The Star Spangled Banner (1812); Joseph Rodman Drake, 
The American Flag; G. W. Curtis, The American Flag; Shaw, Columbia; The Land of the 
Brave; Timothy Dwight , Columbia; The Gem of the Ocean; D. C. Murphy, Perry’s Victory on 
Lake Erie. 

III. Magazines. Jefferson and his administration: Harper, Aug. 1871, May, 1S83; Jan. 
1892 (Burr); Am. Hist. M., Apl. 18S5, Nov.-Dee. 1887; Century, Sept. 1887; Jan.-July, 
1883 (Louisiana Purchase); Aug. 1S81 (Fulton’s steamboat); Scribner, June, 1904 (Lewis 
and Clark); Atlantic, Jan. 1887 (Hamilton-Burr); Oct. 1888; Harper, Sept. 1885; Chaut., 
















’ 













r 


r; 

i . 




i 









































































ENLA RGED FO UN DA TIONS 


49 


Nov. 1901 (Louisiana Purchase); Outing, Jan. 1907 (Geo. Rogers Clarke). War of 1812: 
Am. Hist. M., May, 1893, Sept. 1892 (Causes); Harper, May, 1863-Jaw 1685 (naval his¬ 
tory); Scribner, Jan. 1904, Jan. 1905, Oct, 1906; Am. Hist, M., May, 1892; Nov. 1885, 
Jan. 1886 (Blandenberg); Nov. 1888 (Ghent treaty); Chaut., Sept. 1902 (privateers); 
Scrib., Jan.-Nov. 1904; Outlook, Nov. 2, 1901; McClure, June, 1899; Harper, Mar. 1899; 
McClure, Jan.-Nov. 1904; Harper, July, 1862 (Hartford convention); N. Am., July, Nov. 
1877; Chaut., Feb. 1902; Outlook, Feb. 1, 1902 (Madison); Am. Hist. M., Sept. 1883 
(Louisiana); May, 1889 (Indiana). 


ERA OF GOOD FEELING AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. 
ADMINISTRATIONS OF JAMES MONROE, 1817-1825 
AND JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, 1825-1829. 

RISE OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY. 

Summary. The tariff of 1816, and the protection of home products; 
The second United States Bank. 

The wave of Immigration westward; The Cumberland Road 1806, and the 
National Road 1820. 

Making of new states: Admission of Indiana 1816, Mississippi 1817, 
Illinois 1818, Alabama 1S19, Maine 1820, Missouri 1821; Admission in pairs, 
Balance of power. 

Purchase of Florida from Spain ($5,000,000.) and its effect, north and 
south. 

Holy Alliance, of Russia, Austria and Prussia, and the Monroe Doctrine; 
Panama Congress. 

The Tariff Acts of 1824 and 1828; Creek and Cherokee Indian troubles. 
Internal improvements: De Witt Clinton and the Erie Canal 1817-1825 
—important results; First railway 1827. 

Beginnings of a national literature: Development of science and art. 
Supreme court decisions; Lafayette’s visit; Bunker Hill Monument; 
The character, careers, policies and influence of leading men of the period. 

References. Garner-Lodge, II, 764, 773, 788, 802, 812-29; IV, 1766-7; Annals of 
Congress, XXIX-XXXIX; Williams, Statesman’s Manual, I; McMaster, United States , III, 
IV, V; Hart, Formation of Union, Sec. 120; Turner, New West', Wright, Stories of American 
Progress; Industrial Evolution of the United States; Lalor, Cyclopedia, I, II, III; Stanwood, 
Tariff Controversies, I, III; Bryant, United States, IV; Von Holst, Constitutional History, I; 
Flanders, Chief Justices; Drake, Great West; Coffin, Building of the Nation; Hildreth, 
United States, V; Hart, Contemporaries, III, Sec. 130-150: American History Leaflets, 
4,'24; Old South Leaflets, No. 42, 56, 108, 129; MacDonald, Documents, 33, 34, 43-45; 
Frost, Lives of the Presidents; Poor, Internal Improvements; Young, American Statesmen; 
Benton, Thirty Years View; Winsor, America, VII; Schouler, United States, II, III; Liberty 
Documents, ch. 19, 20; Holmes, Parties and their Principles; Caldwell, Survey, 208, 227; 
Territorial Development, 105; Biographies of Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, John 
Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Albert Gallatin, James Madison, Daniel 


50 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 



DEVELOPMENT OF STATES EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. READ CHART FROM 
LEFT TO RIGHT TO FIND PREVIOUS STATUS OF STATES. 















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































ENLARGED FOUNDATIONS 


51 


Webster, John Marshall, John Jay, William Wirt, John Randolph, Lewis Cass, Andrew 
Jackson, A. J. Dallas, T. H. Benton, Edward Livingston; See also biographies of 
previous section. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Geography, Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, II, 766*, 775*, 792, 799, 815, 823; 
Coffin, Building of the Xation; Wilson, American People, III; Semple, Geographic Condi¬ 
tions, 150-68, 246-77; Turner, New West; Sparks, Expansion; Standard school histories. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: Lucy Larcom, New England Girlhood; E. E. Hale, 
New England Boyhood; J. F. Cooper, The Prairie; G. Aimard, Queen of the Savannah; J. E. 
Cooke, Leather Stocking and Silk (Virginia); Edward Eggleston, The Circuit Rider; Wash¬ 
ington Irving, Captain Bonneville; H. Butterworth, Log School House; S. D. Smead, 
Memorial of a Southern Planter; Hale, Stories of Invention; A. E. Barr, Remember the 
Alamo; W. G. Simms, Border Beagles (interior); Drake, The Making of the Great West. 

(2) Poetry: Note collections in preceeding and in following sections; W. C. Bryant, 
Hunter of the Prairies; N. P. Willis, The Death of Harrison; G. W. Patten, The Seminoles 
Defiance; S. F. Smith, America (first sung by 500 children in Boston, 1832). 

III. Magazines. Administrations, Men and Measures: Am. Hist. M., May, 1881; 
Sept. 1883; Dec. 1887 (Lafayette); April-May, Oct.-Nov. 1888; Outing, Nov. 1906 
(“Old Hickory”). Industrial and Economic: Am. Hist. M., April, 1888 (Florida cession); 
June, 1891 (first railroad); Scribner, Nov. 1877 (Erie canal); Harper, Nov. 1879 (national 
road); Feb. 1877 (steamboat); June, 1884 (Westward Ho!). Westward Expansion: Am 
Hist. M., Jan. 1905; April, 1888; N. Am., Nov. 1906 (Florida purchase). 




Without union our independence and liberty would not 
have leen achieved; without 'union they can never be main¬ 
tained. * * * * * Our Federal Union: it must be 

preserved. — Andrew Jackson. 

/ have heard something about allegiance to the South. I 
know no South, no North, no East, no West, to which I owe 
allegiance. * * * * * 

1 had rather be right than president. — Clay. 

The time has arrived ivhen the progress of nullification 
must be arrested, or the hopes of permanent union surren¬ 
dered. * * * * * 

Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. 

—Webster. 

Society can no more exist without government than ?nan 
without society. — Calhoun. 

America, with the same voice which spoke herself into exist¬ 
ence as a nation, proclaimed to mankind the inextinguishable 
rights of human nature. — John Quincy Adams. 

Tippecanoe and Tyler, too. — Campaign Cry, 1840. 

Fifty-four-forty or fight. — Campaign Cry, 1844. 

Gen. Taylor never surrenders. — Crittenden. 

Remember the Alamo. — War Cry, 1845. 

My path was o'er the prairies wide, 

Or here on (grander mountain side 

To choose all free. — Fremont. 


( 52 ) 


OLD PROBLEMS AND NEW ISSUES. 


THE JACKSONIAN EPOCH, 1828-1841. 


JACKSON’S ADMINISTRATION, 1829-1837. 
VAN BUREN, 1837-1841. 
DEMOCRATIC. 


Summary. Election: Career and character of Jackson; His theories and 
policies compared with those of Adams and Jefferson; The “Kitchen Cabinet” 
and the “Spoils System.” 

States’ rights and nullification: Webster-Hayne debate; John C. Calhoun 
and nullification in South Carolina (1833); Coercion. 

Jackson’s war on the United States Bank. 

Anti-slavery agitation: The Liberator; Wm. Lloyd Garrison; Nat Turner; 
Death of Lovejoy. 

Indian Troubles: Black Hawk War and Seminole War. 

\ 

Admission of Arkansas 1836, Michigan 1837; Texas Independent ; Ter¬ 
ritorial expansion and the westward stream of population; Land speculation; 
“Wildcat” banks and money. 

Industrial progress: Effect of inventions and application of steam and 
electricity, locomotive 1827-32, telegraph 1837-44, reaper 1834, vulcanized 
rubber 1839. 

Education: First Normal School established 1839; Temperance reform; 
A period of industrial and economic contests and development. 

Election of 1836; Panic of 1837, cause, results and lessons. 

Second Seminole War 1835-42; Independent Treasury Act; The Mor¬ 
mons—origin 1827, principles and progress. 

Parties and principles in the campaign of 1840. 

Character and influence of Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John Quincy 
Adams, Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun and Martin Van Buren. 


References. Garner-Lodge, II, 830-892; IV, 1766-69; Annals of Congress, Debates’ 
VI-XIV; Congressional Globe, I-VIII; MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy; Channing’ 
United Slates, 212; McMaster, United States, V; Peck, Jacksonian Epoch; V ilson, Division 
and Reunion; Johnston, Politics, 103; Sparks, Expansion; Men Who Made the A at ion; 
Lalor, Cyclopedia of Political Science, I, 45-6, 1021; II, 620-7, 677, 702, 7S8; III, 996, 
1061, 1101, 1108; Winsor, America, VII; Sargent, Public Men and Events; Gillett, 
Democracy in the United States, Sec. 62-80; Houston, Nullification in South Carolina; 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, Sec. 151-184; Source Book, Sec. 94-102; Old South Leaflets, 
No. 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 109; American History Leaflets, No. 24, 30; Page, Old South, 
57-92, 143-185; Brown, Lower South, 16-49; Wendell, Literary History of America, 157; 


( 53 ) 


54 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Tucker, United States, IV, 17-434; Benton, Thirty Years View, I, 121, 739; II, 7-110; 
McCullough, Men and Measures, ch. 1-6; Biographies previously mentioned, also writings 
and lives of Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, J. J. 
Birney, Henry Clay, James Buchanan, Amos Kendall, John J. Crittenden. 

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Geography, Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, II, 831, 835*, 836*, 854; 
Wilson, American People, III, IV; Semple, Geographic Conditions, 168-76; Turner, The 
Xew West; Sparks, Expansion; Coffin, Building of the Nation; McDonald, Jacksonian 
Democracy . 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose : Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Blilhedale Romance 
(Brook Farm experiment); Edward Eggleston, The Iloosier School Master; Tlieo. Winthrop 
John Brent (Mormons); A. W. Tourgee, Button’s Inn (Mormons); Figs and Thistles (western 
life); H. P. Belt, The Mirage of Promise (abolition); E. E. Craddock, The Prophet of the 
Great Smoky Mountain (Tennessee); A. B. Longstreet, Georgia Scenes; R. M. Johnston, 
Old Times in Middle Georgia; Joel Chandler Harris, Uncle Remus (negro life); D. G. Mitchell, 
Doctor John (Connecticut); Mrs. H. B. Stowe, Uncle To?n’s Cabin (slavery); E. F. Ellet, 
Pioneer Women of the West; Lily Dougall, Mormon Prophet (Mormons); Ben. P. Poore, 
Reminisences; Joseph Kirkland, Zury; The McVeys (the west); G. M. Towle, Heroes and 
Martyrs of Invention. 

(2) Poetry: See previous lists and those following. 

III. Magazines. Westward Expansion: Am. Hist. M., June, 1883 Dec. 1890 (Arkansas 
and Michigan);-Oct. 1886; (Oregon); Sept. 1884; Harper, Mar. 1888; Nov. 1892 (Whitman), 
Outing, Mar. 1904; New Eng. M., May, 1891; May, 1902; Am. Hist. M., June, 1882 
(Texas annexation); Feb. 1885; Century, Aug. 1884 (Houston); McClure, Jan. 1902, 
Chaut., Jan. 1901; Harper, July, 1884 (Jackson); Outing, Nov. 1906 (Jackson). Industrial 
and Economic: Atlantic, Mar. 1860; Harper, Aug, 1875 (express line); Century, April, 
1888 (telegraph). Union, Secession and Abolition: Am. Hist. M., Sept. 1687; June, 1891; 
Century, Aug.-Sept. 1885; Atlantic, Jan. 18S6. 


ADMINISTRATION OF HARRISON AND TYLER, 1841-1845. 

THE WHIG ASCENDENCY. 

Summary. W. H. Harrison: Career, character, election and early death; 
John Tyler, his policy and his break with the Whigs; Tariff Act of 1842 — 
cause, effect. 

Webster—Ashburton Treaty 1842, and the Northeastern boundary; 
Northwestern boundary dispute, “54-40 or fight.” Treaty with China. 

The Dorr Rebellion; Anti-rent troubles, causes, events, results; The 
Mormons in Illinois 1841-1846: Morse’s telegraph 1837-44; Howe’s sewing 
machine. 

Texas: French, Spanish and Mexican Claims; Texas revolution and 
independence 1S36, cause and results; Annexation of Texas 1845, results 
irr Mexico and in United States on the slave power and the free states. 
Admission of Florida 1845; The Liberty Party 1840-48. 

Parties and principles in campaign of 1844. 




ACCESSIONS OF TERRITORY FROM THE TREATY OF PEACE TO THE GADSDEN PURCHASE 


n 

to 

00 




















OLD PROBLEMS AND NEW ISSUES 


DO 


References. Garner-Lodge, III, 893-924; Bryant, United States, IV, ch. 14; Chan- 
ning, United States, 224; Ormsby, Whig Party; Wilson, American People, IV, 88; Lalor, 
Cyclopedia of Political Science, I, III; Garrison, Westward Extension; Larned, History for 
Ready Reference, I, III, IV, V; Gannett, Boundaries of United States, 10, 19, 128; Con¬ 
gressional Globe, XXVI-XXVIII; Winsor, America, VII; Callahan, Cuba; Washburn, The 
Northern Boundary; Bancroft, Oregon, I, II; Texas, V; Falconer, The Oregon Question; 
Royce, California; Hart, Contemporaries, III, Sec. 185-189; Source Book, S^c. 103, 104; 
Old South Leaflets, No. 45, 130; Lester, Houston and his Republic; McDonald, Documents, 
No. 70-76; Coffin, Building of the Nation; Biographies previously noted, also lives of 
W illiam Henry Harrison, John Tyler, William Lloyd Garrison, Elijah P. Lovejoy, Rufus 
Choate, Joshua Giddings, Elias Howe, Gen. Houston, David Crockett, S. F. B. Morse. 


FOLKS’ ADMINISTRATION AND THE WAR WITH MEXICO, 1845-1849. 

DEMOCRATIC. 

Summary. Election: Cause of change in ascendency of parties; Objects 
to be accomplished. 

The Oregon dispute and settlement 1844-46; Influence of Dr. Whitman; 
Territory acquired. 

The Mexican War 1846-1848. Causes: (1) Slavery, (2) California, 
(3) annexation of Texas, (4) boundary disputes, (5) border conflicts. 

Campaigns of the war: Gen Taylor’s northern campaign; Kearney in New 
Mexico and Fremont in California; Gen. Scott’s Mexican campaign. 

Treaty and results: (1) Mexican cession (523,800 square miles), indemnity 
to Mexico, $15,000,000, to Texas citizens $3,500,000; (2) Revives slavery 
question in politics. 

References. Garner-Lodge, III, 925-954; IV, 1766-69; House and Senate Docu¬ 
ments; Congressional Globe —Debates in XXVII-XXX Congresses; Wilson, Division and 
Reunion, Sec. S3-89; Benton, Thirty Years View, I, II; Larned, I, IV, V; Kennedy, Rise 
of Texas; Foote, Texas; Smith, Liberty and Free Soil Parties; Macy, Political Parties, 102; 
Wright, American Progress; Hale, Stories of Inventions; Winn, Mormons; Hart, Con¬ 
temporaries, III, Sec. 185-189; IV, 8-16; Source Book, Sec. 105-107; Historical Sources; 
Sec. 86; Old South Leaflets, No. 82, 132, 174; Jay, Mexican War; Latane, American 
Relations with Pacific; Coffin, Building of the Nation; Ripley, War with Mexico; Bancroft, 
Mexico, V; Hittell, California, II. Writings and lives of James K. Polk, T. H. Benton, 
John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Levi Woodbury, Sam Houston, 
Gen. J. C. Fremont, J. J. Crittenden, Gen. Zachary Taylor, Gen. Winfield Scott, also 
those mentioned in previous section. 

Magazines. Mexican War, causes and events: Am. Hist. M.„ Dec. 1895; Chaut., 
Mar. 1902; Century, July, 1898; Harper, Aug. 1900; Metropolitan for 1907 (history 
of war); Southern Quarterly, 13: 1; 18: 247, 427; 19: 196; 20: 1; 21: 121, 373; 22: 78, 281; 
Nation, April, 5, 1900. Results: Scribner, Oct. 1888; Nation, April 5, 1900. Westward 
Expansion, Early California History: Century, Aug. 1890; Feb. 1892; Overland, May, 
1899; Harper, Mar. 1877; New Eng. M., May, 1906; Chaut., July, 1900; Am. Hist. 
M., June, 1889 (Iowa); Aug. 1883 (Texas); Sept. 1SS7 (Fremont, California); Century, 


56 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 



3 c o 

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TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENV OF THE UNITED STATES WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI 
RIVER. READ CHART FROM LEFT TO RIGHT TO FIND 
PREVIOUS STATUS OF STATES. 



























































































□ 

[ ARID 

[=□ 

| SEMI ARID 

□ 


MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL IN THE UNITED STATES 



i- 1 50 TO 60 r~! 60TO 70 





























OLD PROBLEMS AND NEW ISSUES 


57 


Nov. 1901; Jan. 1902; Century, Dec. 1886 (Clay). Industrial and Economic: Atlantic, 
May, 1867 (sewing machine); Nov. 1896 (ether); McClure, Sept. 1896 (printing). 

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Pictures and Maps: Garner-Lodge, III, Frontispiece, 901, 907, 913, 922, 941, 
1005*; Garrison, Westward Extension; McCoun, Historical Geography; Mowry, Territorial 
Growth; Morse, United States Geography; Sparks, Expansion; Coffin, Building of the Nation; 
Duyckinck, Portrait Gallery; Turner, New West; Brigham, Geographic Influences; Wilson, 
American People, 111, IV; Current periodicals and those of a later date. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose. Edward Eggleston, Roxy (Harrison and Tyler cam¬ 
paign); G. F. Atherton, Splendid Idle Forties (early California life); Kirk Munroe, Golden 
Days of ’49; R. H. Dana, Two Years Before the Mast (California); Brete Harte, Luck of 
Roaring Camp (mining life); Tales of the Argonauts (early California days); Ruth Hall, 
Downrenter’s Son (anti-rent difficulties); J. T. Trowbridge, Neighbor Jackwood (fugitive 
slaves); Chas. Morris, Historical Tales. 

2) Poetry. Bliss Carmen, World's Best Poetry, VIII, “Poems of National Spirit”; 
C. D. Warner, World’s Best Literature; Stedman-Hutchinson, Library of Literature; S. 
Thompson, Humbler Poets; J. W. Davidson, Living Writers of the South ; W. C. Bryant, 
Library of Poetry and Song; Coates, Encyclopedia of Poetry; J. R. Lowell, The Bigelow Papers 
(first series); Theo. O. Hara, The Bivouac of the Dead; John G. Whittier, Randolph of 
Roanoke; The Kansas Emigrants; Angels of Buena Vista; The Martyr of Monterey; O. W. 
Holmes, Union and Liberty; Scott and the Veteran; Gen. S. Pike, Buena Vista; Chas. Hoff¬ 
man, Monterey; Anonymous, The Electric Telegraph. 



A tale it was of km els of gold 
That lay toward the sun. Wild wing'd and fleet 
It spread among the swift Missouri's bold 
Unbridled men, and reached to where Ohio roll'd. 

—Joaquin Miller. 


We cross the Prairies as of old 
The Pilgrims crossed the sea, 

To make the West as they the East 
The homestead of the free. 

For what-avail the plow or soil, 

Or land, or life, if freedom fail? 

Whether in chains or in laurels, 

Liberty knows nothing but victories. 

Fling down thy gauntlet to the Huns, 

And roar the challenge from thy guns, 

Then leave the future to thy sons. 

Carolina! —H. Timrod, Carolina. 

Where Slavery is there Liberty cannot be. — Sumner. 

Free soil, free men, free speech, Fremont. - — Party Cry. 

Enslave a man and you destroy h is ambition, his enterprise, 
his capacity. — Mann. 

A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe that 
this government cannot endure half slave and half free. 

—Lincoln. 


—Whittier. 


—Emerson. 


—Phillips. 


( 58 ) 



SECTIONAL CONTESTS FOR TERRITORIAL 

SUPREMACY. 

SLAVERY AND THE GATHERING 
STORM 1849-1860. 


ADMINISTRATION OF TAYLOR AND FILLMORE, 1849-53. 

WHIG. 

Summary. 1848, Discovery of gold in California, the rush of emigrants 
and results; Invasion of Cuba; Clayton-Bulwer Treaty and its provisions. 

Death of Taylor and succession of Fillmore; Life and character of each. 

Compromise of 1850: Provisions, (1) California a free state, (2) fugitive 
slave law, (3) Utah and New Mexico created without reference to slavery, 
(4) $10,000,000 paid to Texas, (5) slave trade prohibited in district of Colum¬ 
bia. 

Deaths of Calhoun (1850), Clay and Webster (1852); Publication of Uncle 
Tom’s Cabin; Underground railroad operations; Whig, Democratic and 
Free Soil parties, their candidates and principles. 

References. Garner-Lodge, IIJ, 996-1039; IV, 1766-7; Royce, California; Burgess, 
Middle Colonies, 345-379; Harper, III, 360; Schouler, United States, V; Von Holst, Con¬ 
stitutional History; Channing, United States, 453; McMaster, United States; Larned, History 
for Ready Reference, I, IV, V; Siebert, Underground Railroad; Johnston, American Ora¬ 
tions, II, 118-340; Reed, Modern Eloquence; Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Sec. 7, 17-33; Frost, 
Lives of Presidents; Coffin, Building of the Nation; Garrison, Westward Extension; Lives of 
Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore; Foster, The Gold Mines of California; Bancroft, 
History of the Pacific States, XXIII; McDonald, Select Documents; Smedley, Underground 
Railroad in Pennsylvania; See references and biographies given in section on slavery. 


ADMINISTRATION OF PIERCE, 1853-1857. 

DEMOCRATIC. 

Summary. Election, parties and politics; The Gaddsen Purchase 1853, 
($10,000,000) and its object; Ostend Manifesto 1854. 

First Treaty with Japan 1853-1854; Nature, importance and results. 
Kansas-Nebraska Bill 1854; Origin, objects and results of act;“Squatter 
Sovereignty.” 

The Kansas struggle 1854-60: Emigration societies, border ruffians, 

( 59 ) 


60 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


civil war, John Brown; Conventions and constitutions; Admission of new 
states. 

Development and reorganization of parties: Whig 1832-56; Know- 
Nothing, or American, 1835-1856; Liberty 1840-48;Free Soil 1848-56;Causes 
leading to their organization, growth and decay. 

Rise of the Republican party; Election of 1856, parties and principles. 


ADMINISTRATION OF BUCHANAN, 1857-1861. 

DEMOCRATIC. 

Summary. Conditions confronting the administration and principal 
events: Financial panic 1857; Atlantic cable 1857-8; Religious revival 1857; 
Admission of Minnesota 1858, Oregon 1859, Kansas 1861; Slavery agitation; 
The Dred Scott decision 1857, and its effect on slavery; Lincoln-Douglas 
debates 1858; Oberlin-Wellington rescue 1858; The John Brown raid 1859 
—effect in the North and the South. Campaign of 1860: Parties—Republican, 
Northern and Southern Democrats, and Constitutional Union; Principles 
and candidates of each. Election of Lincoln; Secession of Southern States. 

References. Garner-Lodge, III, 1040-1126; IV, 1766-7; Congressional Globe, Debates 
in the XXXIV-XXXVI Congresses; House and Senate Documents; Phillips, Conquestof 
Kansas; Robinson, Kansas; Wilson, Division and Reunion; Elson, Side Lights, I, 294-336, 
II, 1-46; Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Sec. 34-77, 96, 97; Source Book; Pollard, Lost Cause; 
Greeley, American Conflict, I; Lalor, Cyclopedia of Political Science, II; Thayer, Kansas 
Crusade; Bryant, United States, IV; Van Buren, Political Parties; Johnston, Am. Orations , 
11,256-314; 111,28, 154-194; Reed, Modern Eloquence; Larned, History for Ready Reference , 
V; Macy, Political Parties, 183-282; Brown, Lower South; Lincoln-Douglass Debates; 
American History Leaflets, No. 12, 17, 18, 23; Old South Leaflets, No. 85-107; 
McDonald, Documents, Sec. 85-92; Tarbell, Lincoln; Davis, Confederate Government; Still, 
Underground Railroad. Writings, addresses and lives of mentioned under Slavery section, 
also those of Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln, John Brown, J. C. 
Breckinridge, John Bell, Alexander Stephens, Jefferson Davis, Josiah Quincy, R. B 
Taney, Benjamin F. Wade, Robert Toombs. 

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Geography, Maps and Pictures. See preceding and following sections. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: Edward Eggleston, The Graysons (Lincoln); A. W. 
Tourgee, Hot Plowshares (anti-slavery); Noah Brooks, Boy Settlers (Kansas); Arthur 
Patterson, For Freedom’s Sake (Kansas); M. D. Conway, Pine and Palm (Kentucky and 
Tennessee); Winston Churchill, The Crisis (Lincoln’s times); John Fox, Little Shepard 
of Kingdom Come (frontier and mountain life); W. A. Barton, Pine Knot (Kentucky and 
Tennessee); F. H. Smith, Fortunes of Oliver Horn (Maryland and New York life); T. N. 
Page, In Ole Virginia ; G. Moore, Rachel Stanwood (southern life); G. W. Cable, Dr. Sevier 
(New Orleans); Old Creole Days (Louisiana); M. S. Tiernan, Suzette (Virginia); Alice Cary, 
The Great Doctor (middle west); Mrs. M. F. S. Tiernan, Homosille (Virginia before the 
war); C. R. Sherlock, Red Anvils (fugitives). 



SEC TIOX. 1 L COX TES TS 


61 


(2) Poetry: See preceding and following sections. 

III. Magazines. Men and Measures: McClure, Sept. 1S96 (Lincoln); Century, 
May-July, 1887 (Lincoln); Dec. 1SS1 (1856-9); Cosmopolitan, May, 1894 (Republican 
Party); Harper, Jan. 1884 (Buchanan); Am. Hist. M., May, 1S83. Industrial: Harper, 
Dec. 1864; April, 1865; Oct. 1890 (oil discovery); Foreign: Atlantic, Aug. 1892; Am. Hist. 
M., 1S85 (treaty with Japan); Century, July, 1905 (Perry in Japan); N. Am., Feb. 
1906. Candidates in 1860: Century, Oct. 1882 (Lincoln); Sept. 1887 (Lincoln); Aug. 
1887 (Charleston convention); Scrib., Nov. 1893; Am. Hist. M., Aug. 1885; Jan. 1887 
(Charieston-Baltimore conventions). Sectional feeling: Atlantic, Jan.-Mar. 1892; N. Am., 
Oct. 1S90; Am. Hist. M., April, 1888; Century, June, 1887 (Brooks-Sumner). 


SLAVERY. 


Summary. The institution in Hebrew, Greek, Roman and Eastern 
countries; Origin, history, authority and growth. Development of slavery in 
mediaeval and modern Europe. 

Slavery in Spanish Colonies. Indians sent as slaves by Columbus and 
Cortereal to Spain and Portugal and their slavery approved 1494-1531; In¬ 
dian slaves sent from Carolina to the West Indies 1680; Spain sanctions 
negro slavery in her colonies 1501, though importation protested against; 
Negro slaves brought to St. Augustine 1565. 

Slavery in English Colonies. Negro slaves brought to Jamestown, Va. 
1619, to New England 1637, and slaveiy made lawful in Connecticut in 
1637; In 1626 slavery introduced into the Dutch colonies in New Neth- 
erland; White indentured servants. 

Early supporters and opposition: Monopoly of slave trade given, 1712 
to the South Sea company and to the African company proves immensely 
profitable and trade finds many supporters; The first remonstrance to 
slavery drawn up by the Germans of Pennsylvania 1688; Slavery opposed 
by the Puritans, and prohibited by the Quakers in 1779. 

Development of negro slavery: Differences in economic, industrial, and 
social life cause decline of slavery in the North and increase in the South; 
Influence of spinning jenny, power loom, the cotton gin (1793), and other fac¬ 
tors on the growth of slavery ; New England and Middle colonies emancipate 
slaves—Vermont 1777, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania 1780, New Hamp¬ 
shire 1783, Rhode Island and Connecticut 1784, New York 1799, New Jersey 
1804. 

Slavery a Xational Question, (a) Compromises in the Constitution: (l) 
State representation; (2) Slave representation; (3) Slave trade, (b) Acts 
regulating slavery: 1807 foreign slave trade prohibited; 1793 and 1850 
recovery of fugitive slaves; 1794 regulation of slave trade, (c) Acts 
prohibiting slavery: 1787 and 1789 in Northwest territory; 1820 in Louisiana 
purchase, north of 36°30'; 1845 in any part of Texas, north of 36°30'; 1848 
in Oregon; 1850 in California and prohibiting slave trade in District of 


Columbia; 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act, the question of slavery left to pop¬ 
ular sovereignty. 

Conditions and factors influencing development of slavery sentiment 
and secession ideas: (a) Influence of the physical geography of the North 
and South, and of consequent industrial conditions, (b) Relation in South of 
aristocratic class, middle class, poor whites; free negroes and negro slaves, 
(c) Influence of (1) Invention of the cotton gin and different labor and 
social conditions; (2) Louisiana and Florida purchases; (3) Admission of 
States in pairs; (4) Missouri Compromise; (5) Texas annexation, the Mex¬ 
ican War and the Mexican Cession; (6) Death of Lovejoy and efforts of 
abolitionists; (7) Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Helper’s Impending Crisis; 
(8) Wilmot Proviso and Compromise of 1850; (9) Fugitive slave laws, under¬ 
ground railroad and personal liberty bills; (10) Kansas-Nebraska Bill and 


Dred Scott Decision; (11) Assault on Sumner and John Brown’s Raid; 
(12) Anti-slavery societies, books and speeches; (13) Anti-slavery parties, 
Liberty, Free soil and Republican; (14) Election of Lincoln. 


References. Garner-Lodge, I, 25, 115, 137, 139, 174, 201, 219, 228; II, 570, 583, 
700, 758, 778,788; 111,912, 915,919,954, 1000-14, 1088-94, 1110-16, 1145, 1250-56; IV, 
1385,1408, 1416,1428, 1512, 1569; Hart, Slavery and Abolition; Wilson, Rise and Fall of the 
Slave Power; Cobb, Historical Sketch of Slavery; Du Bois, Slave Trade; Lodge, Colonies; 
Chambers, American Slavery; Goodell, Slavery and Anti-Slavery; Annals of Congress, 
I-XXXVIII; American History Leaflets, No. 2, 17, 22, 23; Old South Leaflets, No. 
78-89 (papers, addresses, proceedings, books, etc.); Hurd, Freedom and Bondage , I, XVI; 
Still, The Underground Railroad; Johnson, Popular Sovereignty; Jefferson Davis, Con¬ 
federate Government, 1,26; Pollard, A Lost Cause, ch. 1-24; Alex. Stephens, War Between 
the States; Von Holst, Constitutional History, II; Page, The Old South, 5, 7, 92, 
143-185; Garrison, Texas; Wilson, Division and Reunion, 125, 145, 165, 185, 

214; Burgess, Middle Period, 242, 290; Rhodes, United States, I, 384-506; II, 1-416; 
MacDonald, Documents, Sec 63, 77, S5-92 (Kansas-Nebraska), 91, 93, 97 (Southern 
ordinances, constitutions, etc.); Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Sec. 29, 32 (underground 
railroad), 30, 31-42 (personal liberty, immigration, Kansas, etc.), 44 (Lincoln’s “House 
Divided” speech), 45 (“Irrepressible Conflict”); Johnston, American Orations, I, II, 
(Clay, Webster, Sumner, Calhoun, etc.); Ill, 3-66 (northern and border views), 72-105 
(southern views), 110-207; IV (general); Spring, Kansas; Johnston, Politics, 107-189; 
Smith, Liberty and Free Soil Parties; Greeley, American Conflict, I; Liberty Docu¬ 
ments, ch. 31; McDougall, Fugitive Slaves; Lincoln-Douglass Debates; Ballaugh, 
White Servitude in Virginia; Smede, Southern Planter; Helper, The Impending Crisis; 
Cairnes, Slave Power; Lives, writings and addresses of John Quincy Adams, Thomas 
Jefferson, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, Thomas H. Benton, John C. Calhoun, Andrew 
Jackson, Win. H. Seward, Stephen A. Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, Charles Sumner, James 
G. Birney,Wm. Lloyd Garrison, Joshua R. Giddings, Wendell Phillips, Theodore Parker, 
Gerrit Smith, Joseph Story, John Brown, James and Lucretia Mott, S. P. Chase, Horace 
Greeley, C. M. Clay, W. L. Yancey, Jefferson Davis, Elijah and Owen Lovejoy, Frederick 
Douglass, Lewis Cass, Alex. Stephens, Robert Toombs, James Buchanan, Henry A. Wise. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Geography, Maps and Pictures. Semple, Geographic Conditions; Brigham, 




SECTIONAL CONTESTS 


63 


Geographic Influences; Epoch Maps; Wilson, American People; McCoun, Historical Geo¬ 
graphy; Smith, Politics and Slavery; Greeley, American Conflict; also works mentioned 
in previous and following sections. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: See preceding and following sections. 

(2) Poetry: Bliss Carmen, World's Best Poetry, VIII, “Poems of National Spirit”; 
Stedman-Hutchinson, Library of Literature, National and War Periods; C. D. Warner, 
World's Best Literature; W. C. Bryant, Library of Poetry and Song; Coates, Encyclopedia 
of Poetry; J. G. Whittier, Anti-Slavery Poems; H. W. Longfellow, Poems on Slavery; Frank 
Moore, Songs of the Southern People; H. Butterworth, Songs o' History. 

III. Magazines. Cur. Lit., Dec. 1904; Dial, July 6, 1903; Nov. 1, 1901; Nov. 1G, 
1904; Nation, Oct. 16, 1902; Century, July, 1883; June, 1885; Aug. 1887 (John Brown); 
Atlantic, Feb. 1S86 (John Brown); N. Am., Nov. 1883; Feb. 1884 (John Brown); Nation, 
Aug. 31, 1899; Nov. 2, 23, 1899; R. of R., June, 1900; Scribner, 1891; (emigrants in Kan¬ 
sas). Territorial Expansion: Harper, Mar. 1S77 (California in 1850); Chant., July, 1900; 
Century, June, 1887 (Dred Scott), July, 18S7 (Lincoln-Douglass debates); Harper, Jan. 
1902 (John Brown). 


All we ask is to be let alone. 


—Jefferson Davis. 


Virginia should not call in vain, 

She meets her sister on the plain, 
u Sic Semperis the proud refrain. 

—Randall, My Maryland. 

Under the flag of our fathers we rally, 

Death, for its sake, is but living again .— Geo. H. Baker. 

We felt the old ancestral thrill, 

From sire to son transmitted still, 

And fought for Freedom with a will. — Glyndon. 

Sacrifice your life rather than your word. 

—Gen. (Stonewall) Jackson. 

Brief the lip's meeting, swift the hands’ clasping ,— 

Off for the Wars! is enough for them all! —Holmes. 

The purposes of the Almighty are perfect and must prevail, 
though we erring mortals may fail to accurately perceive them 
m advance. —Lincoln. 

Hurrah! Hurrah! for the bonnie Blue Flag that bears a sin¬ 
gle star. —Sung in New Orleans, 1861 . 

We will rally from the hillside, we'll gather from the plain, 
Shouting the Battle Cry of Freedom. —Rally Song. 

See there is Jackson standing like a stone wall! —Bee. 

Hold the fort, / am coming. —Gen. Sherman. 

I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer. 

—Grant. 


( 04 ) 





THE GREAT CONFLICT 


ANI) THE 

ADMINISTRATION OF LINCOLN, 1861-1865. 


REPUBLIC AX. 


THE CIVIL WAR, 

Causes. Indirect: (1) Different interpretations of the constitution; 
(2) Different life and labor conditions in the North and in the South; (3) 
Disputes over accessions of slave and free territory; (4) Lack of friend¬ 
liness between sections; (5) States rights and previous disunion sentiments 
North and South; (6) Slavery. 

Direct : (1) Secession of the Southern States; (2) Ft. Sumpter. 

Secession* Different theories; Status of states; States rights doctrine; 
Previous threats; Questions of constitutionality and expediency; South 
Carolina secedes, Dec, 24, 1860; Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, 
Louisiana and Texas secede, January 9-28, 1861, Virginia, North Carolina, 
Tennessee and Arkansas later in 1861; Southern Confederacy formed, 
Feb. 4-18, 1861. 

Confederate Constitution—leading features compared with Federal 
Constitution. 

Conditions and comparisons of advantage to the North and to the South: 
(1) Geographical position, coast and harbors; (2) Topography of interior— 
position of mountains, plains and valleys, and direction of rivers; (3) Trans¬ 
portation, manufacturing facilities and commerce; (4) Union and disunion 
sentiment and attitude of foreign nations. 

References. Garner-Lodge, III, 1127-1168; IV, 1770-72; Congressional Globe , XXXVI- 
XXXVII Congresses; Wilson, Division and Reunion , 182-204; Morse, Lincoln, I, 166-228; 
Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Sec. 104-118; Mace, Manual, 257-261; Helper, Impending Crisis; 
Hart, Causes of Civil War; Nicolay, Outbreak of Rebellion; Brown, Lower South; W. W. 
Handlin, American Politics (causes of Civil War); C. S. Farrar, The War, Causes and Con¬ 
sequences; C. S. Patterson, The United States and the States; C. W. Loring, Nullification 
and Secession; Lunt, Origin of Late War; James R. Lowell, Political Essays; Horatio King, 
Turning on the Light; Greeley, American Conflict, I, ch. 20; Johnston, American Orations, 
II, 46-125; III, 49-124; Reed, Modern Eloquence; Stephens, War Between the States, I, 
446, 646; II, 396; Davis, Confederate Government, I, 301, 471; II, 705; Polland, Lost 
Cause, 49; Hart, Contemporaries IV, Sec. 49-57; Source Book, Sec. 113-115; McDonald, 
Documents; Charters; Preston, Documents; Old South Leaflets, No. 78, 80, 82, 83-5; 
American History Leaflets, No. 12, 18. 


( 65 ) 


66 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


GENERAL CAMPAIGN PLANS OF NORTH AND SOUTH. 

Northern: (1) Preservation of the doubtful states; (2) Capture of Rich¬ 
mond; (3) Protection of the northern states; (4) Blockade of the southern 
ports; (5) Opening of the Mississippi; (6) Pushing back the Confederate line 
of defense and cutting the Confederacy into segments. 

Southern: (1) Capture of Washington; (2) Secure recognition and co¬ 
operation of foreign powers; (3) To push the war into the North; (4) Defense 
against aggressive movements of the Federals. 


OUTBREAK AND WAR IN THE EAST. 

Principal Events: Fort Sumter, April 12; Call for troops; Virginia 
campaign, Bull Run; Coast blockade; Trent affair; Attitude of foreign 
nations. 

References. Garner-Lodge, III, 1167, 1201; IV, 1770-72; Congressional Globe, 
XXXVI-XXXVII Congresses; House and Senate Documents, XXXVI-XXXVIII Con¬ 
gresses; Hart, Source Book, 299-312; Contemporaries, III, Sec. 216-282; J. G. Nicolay, 
Outbreak of the Rebellion; Doubleday, Reminiscences of Ft. Sumter; Wells, Lincoln; Gross, 
Recollections of a Private; Jones, Rebel. War Clerk’s Diary; Draper, Civil War, I; Rhodes, 
United States, III; Lossing, Civil War; Coffin, Drum Beat of the Nation; Greeley, Amer¬ 
ican Conflict, I; Moore, Rebellion Record, I; Ropes, Civil War, I; Reed, Modern Eloquence; 
Johnston, American Orations, III, 147, 164, 151; King, Turning on the Light; Hart, Con¬ 
temporaries, IV, Sec. 58-102; Cox, Three Decades; Hosmer, Appeal to Arms; Wilson, Amer¬ 
ican People, III; Webb, The Peninsula. 

Magazines. Lincoln: McClure, 1895-1896; Feb. 1895; Century, Nov. 1894-May, 1895; 
Dec. 1887; Jan. 1888; Independent, Feb. 14, 1901; Outlook, Mar. 22, 1906; Indepen¬ 
dent, Feb. 14, 1901. Call to Arms: Scrib., June, 1905; May, 1903; Century, Jan.- 
April, 1888. Naval Affairs: Am. Hist. M., Mar.-June, 1886; Oct. 1885; Jan. 1905; 
Century, April, 1885; July, 1886; March, 1885; Harper, Aug. 1886; Era, Sept. 1904. 
Virginia Campaigns: Am. II. Rev., April, 1896; Am. Hist. M., Nov. 1884; Sept. 1885; 
July-Sept. 1886. 

WAR IN THE WEST, 1861-1862. 

/ - * 

Principal Events: Second uprising of the North; The struggle for 

Missouri 16S1-2; Fts. Henry and Donaldson, Feb. 1862; Shiloh and Island 
Number Ten, April 6-7; New Orleans, April 25; Memphis, June 6; Corinth, 
Oct. 3-4; Murfreesboro, Dec. 31-Jan. 2; Opening of upper and lower Mis¬ 
sissippi. 

References. Garner-Lodge, 111,1202-1227; See bibliography, IV, 1770; Messages 
and Documents; Fiske, Mississippi Valley in the War; T. B.Van Horne, Army of the Cum¬ 
berland; Debates in XXXVII Congress, Congressional Globe; Henry Coffee, Grant and his 
Campaigns; Morris, Half Hours; Mary E. Livermore, My Story of the War; Rhodes, United 
States, III; Force, From Ft. Henry to Corinth; Greene, The Mississippi in the Civil War; 
Century’s Battles and Leaders in the Civil War, I, II; Coffin, Drum Beat of the Nation; 


i 



67 


THE GREAT CONFLICT 


Marching to Victory; Grant, Memoirs; Comte de Paris, Civil War; V ilson, American People, 
IV; Hughes, General Johnson; Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Great Rebellion; 
Harper, Pictorial History of the Civil War. 


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FIELD OF OPERATIONS IN THE W EST. 

Parallel lines (*) indicate battlefields. 

(1) Belmont. (6) Pensacola. (11) Peach Tree Creek, 

(2) Fort Pillow. (7) Grant’s Battles. (12) Battle of Atlanta¬ 
's) Allatoona and (8) Lookout Mountain. (13) Fbrt McAllister. 

New Hope Church. 

(4) Forts Jackson and St. Philip. (9) Chickamauga. (14) Missionary Ridge, 

(5) Farragnt at Mobile Bay (10) Kenesaw Mountain. (15) Ezra Church. 


Magazines. 
1885; Mar.-Oct. 
Dec. 1884; Feb. 


Western Campaigns: Century, Aug. 1888; Dec. 1884; beb., Nov. 
1886. Ft. Henry to Shiloh: Am. Hist. M., Jan., Mar., May, 1886; Century, 
1885; Mar. 1886. New Orleans: Century, April, 1885; July, 1886. 



















6S 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 



CONFEDEBATE UNE OF DEFENSE 
. IN THE WEST, JAN. 1, 1862. 

• KaJ<W part r*praMaUU<* cd«*V 7 b«M~ th* CMWtnUt. Ju. IW 


iisvn.'.e 

w 0 Fr*r,kf c 


Corlntr 


0B£fE%brE OF DEFENSE I2TTHE 
WE8T, AT CLOSE OF 1862. 


MAP SHOWING CONDITIONS IN THE WEST. 

Shaded portions show territory held by Confederates. 

No. 1. Shows conditions before the capture of Forts Henry and Donaldson. 

No. 2. Just before Corinth. 

No. 3. After capture of Memphis and New Orleans, but before capture of Vicksburg. 
No. 4. Conditions after the capture of Vicksburg and Chattanooga. 



































THE GREAT CONFLICT 


61) 


OPERATIONS IN THE EAST AND WEST, 1862-3. 

GETTYSBURG AND VICKSBURG. 

NAVAL OPERATIONS. 

Principal events: 1862, Merrimac and Monitor, Mar. 9; The Peninsular 
Campaign, April to August; Advance on Richmond, April-May; Fair Oaks, 
May 31-June 1; Seven days battles, ending at Malvern Hill, June 26-Julv 1; 
Pope in Virginia; Cedar Mountain and Bull Run. 

Lee’s Invasion of Maryland; South Mountain and Antietam, Sept. 14-17; 
Fredericksburg, Dec. 13; Chancellorsville, May 2-3; Greenbacks issued. 
Emancipation Proclamation, Jan. 1, 1863—its purpose and results. 
1863. Lee’s second invasion of the North; Gettysburg July 1-4; Effect ; 
Retreat of Lee. 

Opening of Mississippi and war in Tennessee; Siege and surrender of 
Vicksburg, May 18-July 4; Chickamauga, Sept. 19-20; Chattanooga, Nov. 
23-5; Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge; Guerilla warfare; Draft 
riots; Charleston sies:e. 

References. Garner-Lodge, III, 1228-1288; IV, 1700-71; Coffin, Redeeming the Repub¬ 
lic; Swinton, Army of Potomac; Trobriand, Four Years with Army of Potomac; Coppee, 
Grant and his Campaigns; J. R. Soley, The Blockade and the Cruisers; Sailor Boys; David I). 
Porter, Naval History of the Civil War; A. Roberts, Never Caught; Abbott, Blue Jackets 
of ’61; Webb, The Peninsula; Palfrey, Antietam and Fredericksburg; Gordon, Army of 
Virginia; Van Horne, Army of the Cumberland; Roman, Gen. Beauregard; Reed, Mod¬ 
ern Eloquence; Johnston, Orations, 111,213,243; Hart, Source Book; Doubleday, Chancel¬ 
lorsville and Gettysburg; Coffin, Marching to Victory; Freedom Triumphant; Morris, Half 
Hours; Drake, Battle of Gettysburg; Smede, Memorials of Southern Planter; A. G. Riddle, 
Reminiscences; E. H. Botume, First Days Among the Contrabands; Higginson, In a Black 
Regiment; Dodge, Campaigns of Chancellorsville; Century’s Battles and Leaders of the 
Civil War; Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Sec. 101-123; Leslie, The Soldier in the Civil War. 

Magazines. Virginia Campaigns: Century, May, 1885; Jan., Feb., May, Sept. 1886; 
8: 136; 10: 121, 927. Antieiam-Chancellorsville: Scrib., June, 1903; Century, Jan., Feb. 
May, June, Sept. 1886. Monitor-Merrimac: Century, Mar. 1885; Am. Hist. M., Jan. 

1885. General: Century, 1884-1886; 1887, pp. 112, 144, 218, 296, 464, 472; Atlantic, Aug. 

1886, Nov. 1891; Harper, 3: 576. Gettysburg: Jan. 19, 1905; Scrib., July, 1903; Chaut., 
June, 1900; Nation, Aug. 9. 1906; R. of R., Aug. 1899; Independent, July 7, 1898; Century, 
33: 112, 133, 218, 296, 451, 464, 472, 803. Vicksburg : Century, April, 1901; Jan.-Apl. 
Sept. 1885; Outlook, July, 298; McClure, July, 1S97; Am. Hist. M., Dec. 1885. 




On Fame's eternal camping-ground 
Their silent tents are spread; 

And glory guards with solemn tread, 

The bivouac of the dead. — Theo. O'Hara. 

By close packed graves slow progress paves 
The roadway to the goal; 

Nor counts the cost of atoms lost, 

To make the purpose whole. 

And he who dies because he tries 
To stand by what seems right, 

T s part for aye, of God's highway, 

That leads out to the light. — Wilcox. 

Standing like a tower, 

Our children shall behold his fame; 

The kindly, earnest, brave, farseeing man; 

Sagacious, patient, dreading praise, not blame. 

New birth of our new soil—the first American. 

—Lowell, Commemoration Ode. 

This Nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, 
and that government of the people by the people, for the people f 
shall not perish from the earth. 

—Lincoln, Gettysburg Speech. 

With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness 
in the right, as God gives to see the right. 

—Lincoln, Second Inaugural. 

The soldier stepped from the trenches into the furrows; horses 
that had charged Federal guns marched before the plow, and 
fields that ran red with blood in April were green with harvests 
in June. 

—Henry Grady, The Southern Soldier After the War. 


( 70 ) 


THE CLOSING SCENES AND RESULTS OF THE WAR. 


Summary. Principal Events: 1864—Grant and Lee in Virginia; Wild¬ 
erness, May 5-6; Spottsylvania, May 8-18; Cold Harbor, June 6; Siege of 
Petersburg; Early and Sheridan in the Shenandoah, July-Nov.; Cedar Creek, 
Oct. 19; Confederate cruisers, Alabama and Kearsarge, June 19; Block¬ 
ade of Mobile, August 5. 

Events in the II est: Sherman’s campaigns against Johnston; Thomas 
against Hood; Atlanta advance, May-Sept; Resaca, Dallas and Kenesaw 
Mountain; March to the Sea, Nov.-Dee.; March through the Carolinas, 
Feb.-April. . 

Lincoln’s re-election 1864; Second inauguration. 

1865. Capture of Richmond, April 2-3; Surrender of Lee at Appomattox, 
April 9, and Johnston, April 26; Assassination of Lincoln, April 14; Last 
Confederate force surrenders. Grand review and disbanding of the armies. 

Questions, complications and measures caused by war: International 
questions, war measures, taxes, import duties, internal revenue and income 
taxes, legal tenders and loans, greenbacks and gold speculation, and 
national bank acts. 

Financial conditions North and South; Sacrifices and suffering. 

Cost of the war in men and money: Loss of one million men; Loss of 
property beyond estimate; Federal national debt reaches $2,675,000,000; 
War expenditures 1861-5, over $2,700,000,000; Paid in Civil War pen¬ 
sions 1862-1906, $3,259,195,000; Confederate expenditures, property loss, 
and sacrifices, beyond estimate; The Union preserved; 4,000,000 slaves 
freed. 


References. Garner-Lodge, 111, 1289-1346; See list Vol. IV, 1770-1771; Coffin, Free¬ 
dom Triumphant; Champlin, Christmas of ’64; Hart, Source Book; Abbott, Battlefields 
of Victory; Coffin, Redeeming the Republic; Headley, Heroes of the Rebellion; Carpenter, 
Six Months in the While House; Hague, A Blockaded Family; Brooks, Washington in 
Lincoln's Time; L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches; Boynton, Chattanooga and Chickamauga; 
Cox, Atlanta; The March to the Sea; Humphreys, The Virginia Campaigns of 64-5; The 
Army of the Potomac; Pond, The Shenandoah Valley; Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Sec.124- 
140. For general and comprehensive views of the Civil War, consult histories and biog¬ 
raphies mentioned in the most excellent bibliography given in Garner-Lodge, Vol. IV, pp. 
1770-2, particularly in the biographies of Lincoln, Grant, Sherman, Sumner, Lee, Jack- 
son, the volumes of the Great Commanders Series, four volumes of the Battles and 
Leaders of the Civil War and the thirteen volumes of the Campaigns of the Civil War. 

Magazines. Western Campaigns: Century, July, Aug., Sept. 1887. Chickamauga- 
Chattanooga: Pop. Sci., June, 1904; Scrib., Sept. 1900; Century, April-May, 1887. 
Sherman's March: Century, 27: 450, Sept. 1884; St. Nicholas, 14: 533; Atlantic, Sept. 
1882. Grant and Lee: Century, April, 1902; May, 1885; Feb. 1884; 10: 605, June, 1887; 
Sept. 1887; April, 1888; Nov. 1887; Harper, 33: 92; Sept. 1885. Sheridan, Early and 
Jackson: Harper, July, 1897; Chaut., June, 1900; Century, Feb. 1884. General: 

Century, 5:822; 26: 130; 31:432; 33:92; 26: 130 (Davis); 5:822 (Booth); 31: 432 (Lin- 

171 ) 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


72 


coin); Feb. 1SSS (strategy); Aug. 1S87 (songs of the war); Mar. 1888; 
(Jackson); Nov. 1SS3; Feb. 1S90; Feb. 1887 (Davis); Atlantic, April, 1887; 
Feb. 1899; Harper, April, 1898 (last battle). Money and Finance: Century, 
1906; Feb. 1872; Political Economy, Mar. 1897; Mar. 1898; R. of R., April, 
Am., Jan. 1S87. 


Oct. 1886 
Overland, 
Nov.-Dec. 
1897; N. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Maps and Pictures. Maps: Garner-Lodge, III, 1180-1, 1208-9, 1240, 1247,, 



* Gif'vjeiJ 


’south Mouhtaim 


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WAS Hi 


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Norfolk, 



MAP SHOWING CONDITIONS IN THE EAST. 

Shaded portions show Confederate territory. Light portions show Federal territory. 

No. 1. Lee’s first invasion of the North, 1862. 

No. 2. Lee’s second invasion of the North, 1863. 

No. 3. Conditions from December, 1862, to May, 1864, except during time of Lee’s second invasion. 
No. 4. Conditions after Grant’s overland campaign of 1864. 


1309; United States Govt., Atlas of Civil War (official, large size, very elaborate in detail); 
Comte d’Paris. Atlas to Civil War; Dodge, Bird’s Eye View; Semple, Geographic Conditions', 
Brigham, Geographic Influences; Hosmer, Appeal to Arms; Epoch Maps; McCoun, His¬ 
torical Geography; Morse, American Geography. 





























MILITIA IN THE UNITED STATES 
































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































CLOSING SCENES AND RESULTS 


73 


Pictures: Garner-Lodge, III, 1080, 1137, 1223, 1229, 1233, 1271, 1281, 1293, 1301, 
1304, 1315, 1328, 1341, 1363; Leslie, Soldier in Civil War; Harper, Pictorial History of 
the Civil War; Forbes, Artist’s Story of the Great War; Magazines and periodicals of this 
period, particularly Harper’s and Leslie’s; Century, Battles and Leaders; Lossing, Pic¬ 
torial History of the Civil War; Johnson, Camp Fires and Battle Fields. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: Mrs. J. C. Austin, Dora Darling; G. C. Eggleston, 
A Rebel’s Recollections; Benton, As Seen from the Ranks; John Esten Cooke, Hilt to 
Hilt; Mohung; Wearing the Gray; Hammer and Rapier (southern standpoint); J. T. Trow¬ 
bridge, Drummer Boy; Cud jo’s Cave; Three Scouts; Joel Chandler Harris, On the Wings of 
Occasion (Lincoln); On the Plantation; L. M. Alcott. Hospital Sketches; C. C. Coffin; Drum 
Beat of the Nation ; Boys of ’61; Marching to Victory; Winning his Way; Frank Moore, 
Anecdotes and Incidents of the War; Mary E. Livermore, My Story of the War; (sanitary 
commission); B. K. Benson, Who Goes Theref; A Friend with the Countersign; Chas. Morris, 
Historical Tales; Thos. kelson Page, Two Little Confederates; John A. Logan, The Great 
Conspiracy; K. P. Wormeley, The Other Side of War; Anne E. Dickinson, What Answer? 
Gen. J. B. Gordon, Remin scences of the Civil War; Irving Bacheller, Eben Holden (Greeley); 
E. E. Hale, Story of the War Told by Soldiers; Upton Sinclair, Manassas (Virginia); 

S. Wier Mitchell, In War Time; Roland Blake; Bronson Howard, Shenandoah (Virginia); 
G. A. Henty, With Lee in T irginia; Edward Eggleston, Dorothy South (before the war); 
Master of Warlock; Evelyn Byrd; A Captain in the Ranks (four pictures of the South 
before, during and after the war). 

(2) Poetry: Bliss Carmen, World’s Best Poetry, VIII, “Poems of National Spirit”; C. S. 
Brainarcl, Our War Songs North and South ; F. S. Browne, Bugle Echoes; Sallie A. Brock, 
The Southern Amaranth; W. C. Bryant, Library of Poetry “Poems of Patriotism,” V, 561- 
604; Brander Mathews, The Songs of the War; Frank Moore, Songs of Loyalty; Songs of the 
Soldiers; Songs of the Southern People; Personal and Political Ballads, 1861-1865; Emily V. 
Mason, The Southern Poems of the War; Richard Grant White, Poetry of the Civil War; 
E. C. Stedman and E. M. Hutchinson, Library of American Literature; G. C. Eggleston, 
American War Ballads; W. G. Simms, War Poetry of the South; W. L. Fagan, Southern 
War Songs. Poems on Lincoln by W. H. Burleigh, W. C. Bryant, R. Coggin, C. P. 
Cranch, W. D. Galagher, R. W. Gilder, Jas. R. Lowell, C. A. Mason, Julia Mildred, 
Bayard Taylor, T. Taylor, R. H. Stoddard, J. A. Whittier, Walt Whitman, C. G. 
Halpine, Mark Lemon, M. A. H. Howe. Poems on Grant by S. H. Baker, Joaquin 
Miller, A. Pierce, A. Birdseye, Robt. Buchanan. O. W. Holmes, Our Country; A Voice 
from the Loyal North; Voyage of the Good Ship Union; After Emancipation; In War Time; 
J. R. Lowell, Bigelow Papers; Commemoration Ode; J. G. Whittier, Barbara Fritchie; The 
Voice of the North; Poor Voter on Election Day; F. Brete Harte, John Burns of Gettysburg; 

T. B. Read, Sheridan’s Ride; W. H. Thompson, High Tide at Gettysburg; S. H. Byers, 
Sherman’s March to the Sea. 

III. Magazines. Confederate Views and Reminiscences: Am. Hist. M., Jan., Apl. 
1897, Oct. 1897; Current Literature, June, 1905; American Journal of Sociology, Sept. 
1903; McClure, Jan., Apl., June, 1901, Jan. 1897; Dial, Nov. 1903; New Eng. M,. 
9: 46; Munsey, Feb. 1898; Century, Feb. 1897; Harper’s W., Apl. 8, 1905; Harper, 52: 576; 
Atlantic, Sept.-Oct. 1902, Aug. 1886, Nov. 1891. Hospital: Atlantic, Sept.-Oct. 1902. 
Naval, Blockade and Privateers: Cent., June-Aug.-Sept. 1898; 31: 33; Apl. 1886, Dec. 1885; 
Independent, May 7, 1896; Scrib., June, 1881 (Farragut). Notable Incidents and 
Reminiscences: Dial, Nov. 1, 1903; McClure, Jan. 1900, Feb. 1904, June, 1904, Apl., June, 
Oct., Nov., 1897, Feb. 1897; Outlook, Feb. 4, 1905, Jan. 4, Aug. 2, Sept. 6, Oct. 1, 1902; 
Sept. 12,1906; Cent., June, 1905; Apl., Aug., Sept. 1885; July, Aug., Nov. 1890 (Anderson- 
ville); Apl. 1890; Harper, May, 1906; 31:571; 32:367; 33:92; Harper’s W., May 30, 1896; 
Overland, July, 1900; Chaut., June, 1898; New Eng. M., Jan. 1898; Independent, July, 
7, 1898; Lippin., Dec. 1905, Jan. 1906; N. Am., Feb.-June, 1898. 


Still in his veterans' heart today, 
His battle drums are beating. 


—Poem on Grant. 


Honor followed as his shadow, 

Valor lightened all his cares. — Poem on Lee. 

Let us have Peace. — Grant. 

God send us peace! and inhere for aye the loved and lost 
recline, 

Let fall, 0, South, your leaves of palm! 

0, North, your sprigs of pine. — Stedman. 

Resources are the gift of the Creator; Development is the 
great duty of the Republic. — Colfax. 

He serves his party best who serves his country best. 

—Hayes. 


We cannot overestimate the fervent love of liberty the intelli¬ 
gent courage and the sum of common sense with which our 
fathers made the great experiment of self government. * * * 

* * It is the sacred duty of those now living to educate their 

successors for the inheritance which awaits them. 

—Garfield. 

It is not in the power of any people upon earth to harm us 
except our own people. — Harrison. 

A true American sentiment recognizes the dignity of labor, 
and the fact that honor lies in honest toil. — Cleveland. 


( 74 ) 




THE REBUILDING OF THE NATION. 


ADMINISTRATION OF ANDREW JOHNSON, 

1865-1869. 

REPUBLICAN. 

Summary. Legal conditions of the Confederate States and the problem 
of reconstruction: Lincoln’s views and Johnson’s plans. 

Acts of Congress: (1) Fourteenth Amendment; (2) Civil Rights Bill; 
(3) Freedman’s Bureau; (4) Reconstruction and (5) Tenure of Office acts. 

Carpet Bag Government; Pacific Ptailroacl 1853-1S69; Atlantic Cable; 
Purchase of Alaska ($7,200,000) 1867, “Seward’s Folly”; Impeachment 

of Johnson; Parties and candidates 1868; Election of Grant. 


ADMINISTRATION OF GRANT, 1S69-1S77. 

REPUBLICAN. 

Summary: Grant—life and character; Reconstruction problems; Carpet¬ 
bag and negro rule in the South; Ku-Klux-Klan and the race question. 

Foreign: Northwestern boundary and the northeastern fishery disputes; 
Washington Treaty; Alabama Claims and Geneva Award 1872. 

Internal: Opening of the Pacific railroad 1869; Fifteenth Amendment 
1870; Chicago fire 1871; Panic of 1873; Demonetization of silver 1873, 
and resumption of specie payments 1879. 

Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia 1876; Sioux War 1876-7, and Cus¬ 
ter massacre. 

Political: Rise of liberal Republicans; Horace Greeley; Grant re-elected 
1872; Reconstruction troubles; Credit Mobelier; Republican, Democratic, 
Greenback and Prohibition parties and issues 1876. 

References. Garner-Lodge, III, 1370-1405; IV, 1406-1476, 1770-72; Burgess, Re¬ 
construction and the Constitution; Dunning, Reconstruction (2nd series); Brown, Lower 
South; Wilson, Division and Reunion; Andrews, United States, I; Elson, Side Lights, II; 
Larned, History for Ready Reference, V, 3560, 3721; VI, 170-529; Wilson, American People, 
V, 1-112; Harper, Cyclopedia of United States History, I, 78; II, 160; IV, 130; V, 154; VIII, 
19; IX, 273; X, 191; Bryce, Commonwealth ; Stanwood, Presidency; Blaine, Twenty 
Years in Congress, II; Foster, Diplomacy; American Annual Cyclopedias, 1865-67; Hart, 
Contemporaries, IV, Sec. 141-157, 162-3, 173-6; Source Book, 127-132, 134; Caldwell, 
Survey, I; Congressional Globe, and Senate and House Documents for XXXIX-XLIV 
Congresses; Johnston, American Orations, IV; Reed, Modern Eloquence; McDonald, 

(75) 


76 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Statutes, 44-95, 9S; Biographies of Grant, Johnson, Sumner, Stevens, Chase, Seward, 
Greely, John Sherman, Blaine, Peabody. 

Magazines. Reconstruction and Race Question: See current periodicals and parti¬ 
cularly the following---Atlantic, Jan.-Oct. 1901, Oct. 1893; Forum, Oct. 1895; Scribner, 
Years 1895-6; N. Am., Feb. 1879, July, 1895, Jan.-Apl. 1866, Feb. 1879; Cent., July, 
1884. Johnson’s Impeachment: McClure, Dec. 1899; Lipp., Apl. 1899; Scrib., A pi. 1892. 
Political, Financial and General: Scrib., Apl. 1892, Mar.-June, 1895, Mar. 1874; Cent., 
Oct. 1885, Mar. 1887 (Stanton); McClure, July, 1885 (Tweed); Harper, Aug. 1870; 
Atlantic, Oct. 1893. Foreign: Cent., July, 1882, Sept.-Oct. 1885, Apl. 1890 (Alaska); 
Scrib., June, 1894 (Mexico); Harper, Nov. 1872 (Washington treaty). Grant: Scrib. 
Mar.-June, 1895; Cent., Oct. 1885. Internal, Economic and Industrial: Scrib., Aug., 
Sept. 1892 (Pacific R. R.); Atlantic, July, 1884; Forum, Aug. 1886; New Eng. M., 
Aug. 1892; N. Am., July, 1873 (great fires); New Eng. M., Aug. 1890 (G. A. R.). 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Geography, Maps and Pictures: See next section. 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: A. W. Tourgee, A Fool’s Errand (reconstruction); 
Thos. Nelson Page, Red Rock; The Negro (reconstruction); Tlios. W. Dixon, The Leopard’s 
Spots (reconstruction); Octave Thanet, Expiation; S. E. White, The Westerners (western 
life); John Wallace, Carpet Bag Rule (southern); E. E. Hale, Mrs. Merriam’s Scholars (the 
freedmen); Geo. W. Cable, John March, Southerner; G. Overton, Heritage of Unrest (Indian). 

(2) Poetry: See preceeding sections. 


ADMINISTRATION OF HAYES, 1877-1881. 

REPUBLICAN. 

Summary. The Tilden-Hayes contest; Electoral commission and its 
decision. 

Political; New policy towards South; Rival state governments; Remov¬ 
ing troops; Monetary legislation; Vetoes; Anti-Chinese agitation. 

Internal economic and industrial: Railroad strikes 1877; Yellow fever 
1S78; New industries and inventions; Beginning of a new era. 

Parties and issues 1880; The Grant movement. 


GARFIELD AND ARTHUR, 1S81-1SS5. 

REPUBLICAN. 

Summary. Political and factional strife; Conkling and Platt; Assas¬ 
sination of Garfield 1881; Anti-Polygamy and Anti-Chinese acts 1882; 
Civil service reform 1883; Freedmen and education; The tariff; Star route 
frauds. 

Industrial: Yorktown Centennial 1881; Atlanta Exposition 1881, 


EDUCATIONAL ENROLLMENT IN THE UNITED STATES 

POPULATION 78,544,816 
TOTAL ENROLLMENT, 18.187,918—21.95% 

EACH SQUARE REPRESENTS 25,000 PUPILS 












































































































REBUILDING THE NATION 


<( 


Northern Pacific railroad opened 1883; Standard time 1883; Cotton Exposi¬ 
tion, New Orleans 1884-5. 

Character of Garfield; Political parties and issues; Campaign of 1884. 

References. Garner-Lodge, IV, 1477-1526; bibliography, IV, 1770-72; Andrews, Lust 
Quarter of a Century; Wilson, Division and Reunion; Lalor, Cyclopedia; Lamed, History 
for Ready Reference, V, 3577; Wilson, American People, V. 164; Burgess, Reconstruction; 
Bryant, United States, V, 447; Bryce, Commonwealth; Noyes, American Finance, 17-103; 
Harper, Cyclopedia of United States History, IV, 12, 106, 332; Dewey, Financial History, 
Sec. 159-61, 171-80; Johnston, Politics, 242; Taussig, Tariff, 230; Stanwood, Tariff Con¬ 
troversies, II, 192; Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Sec. 158-160, 168, 169, 177; Source Book, 
Sec. 133, 135-7, 140; McDonald, Statutes, No. 96-8, 100-8; Reed, Modern Eloquence; John¬ 
ston, Orations, IV, 296-328; Presidents’ Messages and Documents; House and Senate 
Documents; Congressional Globe, Debates in XLV-XLVIII Congresses, Reports of De¬ 
partments and Bureaus; Biographies of Hayes, Tilden, Garfield, Arthur, Colfax, 
Hendricks. 

Magazines. Ilaycs-Tilden Contest: Scrib., May, 1899; Atlantic, Oct. 1893; Am. 
Hist. M., Feb. 1892; Harper, Apl. 1907. Garfield: Scrib., Sept.-Nov. 1895; Cent., Dec. 
1881, Jan. 1882. Reconstruction and the Race Question: Atlantic, Aug. 1879, Mar. 1881, 
June, 1893, Oct. 1893, July, 1892; R. of R., Mar. 1893; Scrib., June, Sept. 1895; N. Am. 
June-July, 1879. Domestic, Industrial and Economic: N. Am., Sept. 1877 (Railroad 
strike), Jan. 1879 (fishery award); Harper, July, 1881 (Blanchard); May, 1882 (Ritten- 
house). Telephone: Pop. Sci., Dec. 1878; Scrib., Apl. 1878; R. of R., July, 1893. 
Electric Light: Harper, Aug. 1870; Scrib., Feb. 1880. New Orleans Exposition: Cent., 
May-June, 1885. Mormons: Cent., May, 1884. General: Forum, Nov. 1887, Jan., May, 
Aug. 1888, Dec. 1894; N. Am., Apl. 1882, Jan. 1884; Cosmop., Sept. 1S95; Harper, Jan 
1907 (Alabama claims). 

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 


I. Geography, Maps and Pictures. Garner-Lodge, IV, 1433*, 1443*, 1512, 1539, 
1588; McCoun, Historical Geography; Morse, American Geography; Wilson, American People , 
V; Bryant, United States, V; Brigham, Geographic Influences; Semple, Geographic Con¬ 
ditions, 310-96; Harper’s Weekly, Harper’s Monthly, Century, Scribner and other maga¬ 
zines; Books relating to the Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876, and Cotton Expo¬ 
sition at New Orleans, 1884-5. 

II. Pen Pictures: (1) Prose: A. W. Tourgee, Bricks Without Straw (reconstruc¬ 
tion); Thomas W. Dixon, The Clansman (reconstruction); Henry W. Grady, The New 
South; Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery (autobiography); G. Overton, Heritage of 
Unrest (indians); G. E. Atherton, Senator North; H. H. Jackson, Ramona (incians); Mrs. 
E. B. Custer, Boots and Saddles; Tenting on the Plains; Following the Guidon (army and 
western life with Gen. Custer); F. C. Sparhawk, Onogua (indian reservation); H. A. Her¬ 
bert. Why the Solid South. 

(2) Poetry: See preceding and following sections. 


CLEVELAND’S ADMINISTRATION, 1885-1889. 

THE POLITICAL REVOLUTION. 

Summary. Democratic triumph; Blaine-Cleveland contest. 

Political and legislative: Presidential succession (1SS6) and electoral 


78 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


count 1887; Inter-state commerce (1S87) and Chinese exclusion (1888) 
acts; The surplus and the tariff; The northeastern fishery dispute and set¬ 
tlement 1888. 

Internal and industrial: Labor troubles, railroad strikes and riots; 
Haymarket (Chicago) affair 1885; New states—North and South Dakota, 
Montana and Washington, 1889; Parties, issues and candidates 1888. 

ADMINISTRATION OF HARRISON, 1889-1893. 

REPUBLICAN. 

Summary. Ascendency of Republicans; Legislative—Sherman Anti¬ 
trust and silver acts 1890; McKinley tariff 1S90; Pension and Chinese 
exclusion (1893) acts; Reciprocity measures. 

Foreign: Behring Sea trouble; Difficulties with Italy and Chili; Pan- 
American Congress; Samoan dispute; Hawaiian agitation. 

Internal and industrial* Oklahoma opened 1889; Idaho and Wyoming 
admitted 1890; Indian troubles 1890-1; Johnstown disaster 1SS9; Home¬ 
stead and coal strikes 1890-1892: The Mormons; Business prosperity; 
Parties and issues 1892. 


ADMINISTRATION OF CLEVELAND, 1893-1897. 


DEMOCRATIC. 

Summary. Internal and industrial: Columbian Exposition Chicago 
1893; Panic and business depression 1893-1897* Railroad strikes and riots 
1894; Coxev’s army. 

Legislative: The Wilson tariff bill; Bond issue* Civil service reform; The 
new navy. 

Foreign: Hawaiian revolution, 1S93: Behring Sea difficulty; Venezuelan 
boundary dispute. 

Parties and platforms of 1896: Money question the issue; McKinley vs. 
Bryan. 

References. Garner-Lodge, IV, 1532-1559 (Cleveland), 1559-1592 (Harrison), 1593, 
1626 (Cleveland); Harper, Cyclopedia of United States History, I, 327; II, 206; IV, 256- 
315; V, 6; VII, 62; VIII, 188; IX, 12; X, 389; Johnston, Politics, 265; Brown, Lower South, 
247; Bryant, United States, V, 544; Wilson, Division and Reunion, Sec. 142; Larned, IIist¬ 
ory for Ready Reference, V, 3581; VI, 145, 553,684; Noyes, Finance, 104-254; Stanwood, 
Tariff Controversies, II, 119-394; Halstead, American Expansion; Grady, The New South; 
Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Sec. 161, 164-167, 170-2, 178-9, 197-209; Source Book; Amer¬ 
ican History Leaflets, 6; Reed, •Modern Eloquence; Johnston, American Ora'.ions, IV, 
238-69, 329-420; McDonald, Statutes, 109-127; American History Leaflets, No. 6; Pres¬ 
idents’ Messages and Documents; Congressional Globe, Debates in XLIX-LIII Con¬ 
gresses; Reports of various Departments, Bureaus and Divisions, particularly on 


THE PRODUCTIVE AREAS OF PRINCIPAL COMMERCIAL STAPLES OF THE U. S 





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REBUILDING THE NATION 


79 


Agriculture, Labor, Education, Commerce, etc. Biographies previously noted, also lives 
of Cleveland, lb irrison, Blaine, Logan, Reed. 

Magazines. General: Scrib., Jan.-Feb. 1896. Cleveland: McClure, Nov. 1893; R. of 
R., Apl. 1S92, Apl. 1893. Harrison: R. of R., July, 1892; N. Am., June, 1892; Forum, 
July, 1892. The Tariff: N. Am., Dec. 1893, Feb. 1894, May, 1895; Forum, Oct. 1893, 
June-July, 1895. Finance: Forum, Oct. 1893, June, 1895; Scrib., Apl. 1896. Foreign, 
General: N. Am., Jan. 1888; Forum, June, 1896; Scrib., Feb. 1896. Chinese: N. Am., ■ 
July, 1893; Forum, Oct. 1890, June, 1893. Alaska and Behring Sea: N. Am., Dec. 1895, 
Apl. 1888; Atlantic, Apl. 1896, Feb. 1890; Cent., May, 1896; R. of R., June, 1896; Harper, 
Apl. 1891. Hawaii: N. Am., Dec. 1893; R. of R., Sept. 1891; Forum, June, 1893. 

1 enezuela: N. Am., June, Nov. 1895; R. of R., Dec. 1895, Feb. 1896. Cuba: R. of R., 
Apl. 1896; N. Am., Sept. 1895, May, 1896; Cosmop., Oct. 1895. Domestic, Industrial and 
Economic: Cent., Feb. 1S92; Pop. Sci., Oct. 1891-Oct. 1892; Scrib., Feb., Apl. 1896. 
Labor: N. Am., Sept.-Oct. 1892, Aug. 1894; R. of R., July, 1894; Forum, Aug.-Sept. 
1S94; Scrib., Apl. 1896. Expositions: Chicago, Current periodicals and histories, 1892-3-4; 
Atlanta, R. of R., Feb. 1895. Civil Service Reform: Scrib., Apl. 1896; R. of R., Aug. 
1S95. New States: Harper, Jan., May, Sept. 1892, June, Nov. 1893; Scrib., Feb. 1896. 
Army: Harper, July, 18S7, Mar. 1896. Navy: Harper, June, Sept., Oct. 1886, July, 
1888, Oct. 1895; Forum, Oct. 1891. 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Maps and Pictures. See sections preceding and following. Garner-Lodge, IV, 
1538, 1588, 1617; Semple, Geographic Conditions, 310-96; Cochrane, Modern Industrial 
Progress; Andrews, Last Twenty-five Years; Ford, National Problems. Current periodicals, 
particularly Harper’s and Leslie’s Weeklies, Century, Scribner, Harper, and other maga¬ 
zines 

II. Pen Pictures. (1) Prose: Paul L. Ford, The Honorable Peter Stir ing; Francis 
H. Burnett, Through One Administration; Bishop Hayward, Our Brother in Black; William 
Sinclair, The Aftermath of Slavery; Josiali Strong, The New Era; Out Country; Jacob Riis, 
The Children of the Poor; M. L. Luther, The Henchman; Octave Thanet, The Man of the 
Hour. See also books mentioned in following section. 

(2) Poetry: See sections preceding and following. 


0, beautiful and grand, 

My own, my native land — 

Of thee 1 boast! 

Great Empire of the West, 

The dearest and the best, 

Made up of all the rest, 

I love thee most. — Coles. 


Great God! we thank thee for this home — 

This bounteous birth-land of the free; 

Where wanderers from afar may come, 

And breathe the air of liberty! 

Still may her flowers untrampled spring, 

Her harvests wave, her cities rise; 

And still, till Time shall fold his wing, 

Remain earth's loveliest paradise. — Pabodie. 

One flag, one land, one heart, one hand! 

One nation, evermore! — Holmes. 


America is another word for opportunity. — Emerson. 

This lovely land, this glorious liberty, these benign institu¬ 
tions, the dear purchase of our fathers, are ours; ours to enjoy, 
ours to preserve, ours to transmit. Generations past and gen¬ 
erations to come hold us responsible for this sacred trust. 

—Webster. 


Our flag has never waved over any community but in bless- 
ing. ***** 

God's will be done. — McKinley. 


Normally we must be content if each of us can do something 
for the advancement of those principles of rightness which under¬ 
lie all real national greatness, all true civilization and freedom. 

—Roosevelt. 


NEW ERA OF EXPANSION AND PROGRESS. 


ADMINISTRATION OF McKINLEY, 1897-1901. 


REPUBLICAN. 


Summary. Legislative: The Dingley tariff bill; Extra session of con¬ 
gress; War measures; Annexation of Hawaiian Islands; Bankruptcy act 
1898. 


The Cuban revolt 1895-8; Destruction of the Maine, Feb. 15, 1898; 
War with Spain declared, April 25, one hundred and ten days war; Ma¬ 
nila, May 15; Las Quasimas, San Juan and El Caney, June 24-July 1; 
Cevera’s fleet destroyed, July 3; Peace protocol, Aug. 12. 

Peace treaty: Spain cedes Guam, Porto Rico and the Philippines to the 
United States, and relinquishes Cuba; Direct cost of war, $130,000,000; 
Spain is paid $20,000,000 for Philippines. 

Foreign: Joint High Commission; Alaska boundary; Boxer massacre in 
China; Deaths of Gladstone, Bismarck and Queen Victoria; The Monroe Doc¬ 
trine; Government of our insular possessions. 

Internal and industrial: Alaska gold discovery, rush for gold fields; Coal 
strike and labor unions; Great industrial development of resources; Combi¬ 
nations of capital and trusts; Railroad extension. 

Parties and issues of 1900; Re-election of McKinley; Pan-American Expo¬ 
sition, Buffalo 1901; Assassination of McKinley. 


ADMINISTRATION OF ROOSEVELT, 1901-1907. 

REPUBLICAN. 

Summary". Legislative economic and industrial: Great Anthracite coal 
strike 1902; Department of Commerce and Labor established; Wireless 
telegraphy; American Pacific cable; Louisiana Purchase Exposition 1904; 
Re-election of Roosevelt 1904; Control of corporations and trusts; Interstate 
railroad rate, and trust regulation; Prosecution of corrupt officials; Unearth¬ 
ing of vast corruption in Philadelphia, Harrisburg and San Francisco; Insur¬ 
ance investigation; San Francisco school question; Railroad rate regulation: 
Union labor leaders’ trials; Iroquois fire, Baltimore fire, and San Francisco 
earthquake; Wonderful development of south and southwest,—agriculture, 
oil production and mining. 

Foreign and insular: Government and education for the Philippines; 

( 81 ) 


82 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Interests in the West Indies; Cuban reciprocity and Cuban intervention 
1906; Panama and the Panama canal; International Peace Congress; Pan 
American Conference; Arbitration treaties with European nations; The 
Monroe Doctrine; Settlement of the Russian-Japanese War by treaty at 
Portsmouth; Presidential campaign; Parties and issues. 

References. Garner-Lodge, IV, 1627-1682, 1683-1748, 1770-1772; Bryce, American 
Commonwealth ; Alger, Spanish-American War; Davis, Cuba and Porto Rico Campaigns; 
Cambridge Modern History, VII, 674-686; Wilson, American People, V, 269; Harper, 
Cyclopedia United States History, I, 17, 168, 182; II, 202, 438; III, 112; V, 9; VI, 29, 86, 
459; VII, 69, 265; VIII, 30, 39, 54, 81, 89, 292; Carpenter, American Advance, 288, 331; 
Lodge, War with Spain; Larned, VI, 65, 171, 225, 258, 367, 583; Channing, United States; 
Powell, Historic Towns; Elson, Side Lights, II, 352-401; Austin, Alaska; Steps in the Ex¬ 
pansion of our Country; Stateman’s Year Book; Bruce, Alaska; Callahan, Cuba; 
Andrews, Last Twenty-five Years of the United States; Leslie, Spanish-American War; 
Maclay, United States Navy, III, 39-440; Harper, Pictorial History of War with Spain; 
Van Middledyk, Puerto Rico; Titherington, Spanish-American War; Long, New American 
Navy; Presidents’ Messages and Documents; Congressional Globe, Debates in the LIV- 
LIX Congresses; House and Senate Documents; Government publications issued by 
the Department of Commerce and Labor, Insular and Consular service, Bureaus of Ed¬ 
ucation and Labor, and other departments, bureaus, and divisions; Biographical and 
Annual Cyclopedias, 1897-1907. Histories of Industrial Expositions: Trans-Mississippi, 
Omaha, 1898; Pan-American, Buffalo, 1901; Louisiana Purchase, St. Louis, 1904; Ter-Cen- 
tennial, Jamestown, 1907. Biographies previously mentioned also lives of McKin¬ 
ley, Roosevelt, Dewey, Wheeler, Schley, Lawton, Palma, Hay, Sherman, Edison, Bell, 
Westinghouse, Pullman. 

Magazines. Spanish-American War, Causes: Bookman, Jan.-Feb. 1906; McClure, 
Jan. 1898; R. of R, Apl.-May, 1898; Cent., Sept. 1898; Outlook, Sept. 17, 1898, Apl. 30, 
1898. Army: Harper’s W., Oct. 12, 1901; Nation, Feb. 13, 1902; Forum, May, 1901; 
Nation, Apl. 4, 1902; Independent, Apl. 4, 1901; Harper’s W., Apl. 13, 1901, Oct. 
1898; Outlook, Sept. 10, 1898; R. of R., May-Dec. 1898, Jan. 1901; Scribner, July-Dee. 
1898, Jan., June 1899; McClure, Jan. 1899. Navy: Outlook, Mar. 7, Apl. 4, May 2, June 
13, 20, July 4, Aug. 1, 1903; Century, Apl. 1899; Scribner, Aug. 1898; Arena, July, 1898; 
R. of R., June, Apl.-Dec. 1898; Century, Oct. 1899, Aug., Sept., Dec. 1898; Outlook, 
Apl., Dec. 1898. Results: R. of R., Oct. 1898; N. Am., May, 1906; Independent, 
Oct. 25, 1906 (Nation’s wards); Outlook, Oct. 6, 1906; Arena, Sept. 1903; Forum, Aug.- 
Dee. 1901; World’s Work, Dec. 1901; Chaut., Apl. 1901; Arena, May, 1901; Chaut., June, 
1900, June, 1902; Outlook, Feb. 10, 1900; Arena, May, 1901; Scientific American, May, 
31, 1902; Harper, Jan.-Feb.1899; Atlantic, Feb. 1899; McClure, Oct. 1898. General Prog¬ 
ress of Fifty Years: Harper’s W., July 5-Aug. 5, 1905; Cent., Jan. 1906 Cosmop., 
June, Aug., Oct., Dec. 1904, Jan., Mar., May, June, 1905 (great industries); Scientific 
American, Sept. 20, 1902 (great industries); World Today, May, 1905 (great industries); 
Outlook, Nov. 2, 1901-Oct. 11, 1902; Scribner, Feb .-Mar. 1890 (Ericsson), June-Nov. 
1889 (electricity); R. of R., July, 1893 (Edison); R. of R., Oct., Nov. 1893, Apl. 1895; 
Harper, Oct. 1885; July, 1888; Pop. Sci., Feb. 1906; Century, Aug.-Oct. 1882, Mar., 
Oct. 1888, Sept. 1893, Mar.-Sept., Dec. 1890, May, 1895. Commerce: Scientific American, 
Mar. 24, June 23, Aug. 18, 1906; Pop. Sci., June, 1906; Harper’s W., Oct. 6, 
1906; R. of R., Oct. 1906; Nation, Nov. 29, 1906. Social Life: American Journal of Soc¬ 
iology, July, 1905; Living Age, Mar. 1900 (women). Race Questions and South: Arena, 
Apl., Dec. 1902; Chaut., Feb. 1901; Overland, Feb. 1901; Independent, Aug. 22, 1901; 
Scrib., Apl., May, 1901; McClure, Mar 1904. Territorial Expansion: Overland, Dec. 1899,. 


AMERICAN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS; THEIR RATIO AND DESTINATION 


EXPORTS I I 


IMPORTS 1 1 

























- £ ' * *'* . ... 























. ' *•’ 






V 


















EXPANSION AND PROGRESS 


83 


Jan. 1900; Harper, Mar. 188.5, Jan. 1900; N. Am., Aug. 1900; Arena, Oct. 1900; Century, 
Oct. 18S2. Immigration: Nation, June 20, 1901; Forum, Feb. 1902; Chaut., Sept.-Dec. 
1903; Cent., Dec. 1902; Arena, Apl. 1900; Chaut., May, 1904; World’s Work, Feb., Oct. 
1902; Outlook, Oct. 4, 1902; Scrib., Mar. 1901; Pop. Sci., June, 1904; Cent., Jan. 1904; 
Harper, Sept. 1901; Catholic World, June, July, 1904; Outlook, June 25, 1904; Cent., Mar. 
1903, Jan. 1904; Forum, Jan. 1901; Atlan., Oct, 1900; World’s Work, Oct, 1903; Outlook, 
Apl. 25, 1903 (Bohemians); Outlook, Dec. 27, 1902, June 14, 1902; Forum, June, 1900; 
Independent, Apl. 3, 1902; Pop. Sci., Dec. 1904; Harper’s W., Sept. 7, 1901; Overland, 
Oct. 1901; R. of R., July, 1900; Forum, May, 1902 (Chinese); Harper’s W., June 4, 1904; 
Outlook, Jan. 31, 1903; Lipp., Apl., Oct. 1902 (Germans); Outlook, Aug. 29, 1903; Pop. 
Sci., Sept, 1904; Charities, Dec. 3, 1904 (Hungarians); Outlook, Jan. 3, 1903, Feb. 20, 
May 7, 1904; Chaut., Jan.-June, 1902; World’s Work, Oct. 1904; Catholic World, Apl. 
1900; Charities Feb. 7, 1903 (Italians); Nation, Apl. 28, 1904; World’s Work, Apl., July, 
1903; Pop. Sci., Feb. 1903; R. of R,, Sept. 1902; Harper’s W., July 30, 1904 (Jews); New 
Eng. M., Nov. 1901; Nation, Apl. 10, 1902; R. of R., Aug. 1, 1900; Forum, May, 1899 
(Irish); Pop. Sci., May, 1903; Outlook, Mar. 7, 1903; Charities, Dec. 3, 1904; Pop. Sci., 
Nov. 1903 (Russians); Independent, Jan. 8, 1903; No. Am., Aug. 1906 (Swedes); Har¬ 
per, Mar. 1903 (Syrians). 


ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL. 

I. Geography, Maps, Plans and Pictures: Garner-Lodge, IV, 1682-3, 1700-1, 
1722; Brigham, Geographic Influences; Semple, Geographic Conditions, 397-435; Wright, 
Industrial Evolution; Spears, Mississippi Valley; Harper, History of Spanish-American 
War; Leslie, History oj Spanish-American IFar. Various publications relating to recent 
American world’s fairs and exposition, viz.: Trans-Mississippi, Omaha, 1898; Pan-Am¬ 
erican, Buffalo, 1901; Louisiana Purchase, St. Louis, 1904; Ter-Centennial, Jamestown, 
1907. Books, pamphlets and publications illustrating industrial and material progress. 
Annual publications of historical associations, current magazines and publications. 

II. Pen Pictures: (1) Prose: Bishop Haygood, Our Brother in Black; W. E. B. 
Du Bois, Souls oj Black Folks; Frank Norris, The Octopus; The Pit (wheat in field and 
market); The Breadwinners; S. Merwin and H. K. Webster, Calumet “K”; The Short Line 
IFar (labor and corporations); Octave Thanet, Heart of Toil; Emma Rayner, Handicapped 
Among the Free; M. H. Foote, Cceur d’Alene (mining); Chosen Valley (irrigation); Stephen 
Crane, Wounds in the Rain; F. H. Spearman, Strategy of the Railroads; Smith, The Pro¬ 
moters; Streeter, The Fat of the Land; Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives; The Making 
of an American; E. A. Steiner, On the Trail of the Emigrant; R. M. Smith, Emigration and 
J emigration; Booker T. Washington, Toiling With the Hands; Thos. Nelson Page, The 
Negro; The Old South; Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities; Roosevelt-Lodge, Hero 
Tales from American History. 

(2) Poetry: Bliss Carmen, World’s Best Poetry, VIII, “ Poems of National Spirit”; 
Stedman-Hutchinson, Library of Literature; C. -D. Warner, World’s Best Literature; H. S. 
Fiske, Ballad of Manila Bay and Other Verses; F. L. Knowles, Poems of American Patriot¬ 
ism; H. B. Carrington, Beacon Lights of Patriotism; J. C. South, Our Country in Poetry 
and Song; H. Butterworth, Our Country; J. B. Mathews, Poems of Patriotism; Fulton- 
Trueblood, Spanish-American War; S. A. Wetherbee, Spanish-American War Songs. 


—Whittier. 


Land of the forest and the rock, 

Of dark blue lake and mighty river, 

Of mountains reared aloft to mock; 

My own green land forever! 

Land of the West—beneath the heaven 
There's not a fairer, lovlier clime; 

Nor one to which was ever given 

A destiny more high, sublime. — Gallagher. 

Suffrage can be safe only when suffrage is illuminated by 
education. — Garfield. 

/ believe that freedom—free action, free enterprise, free com¬ 
petition—will be found to be the best of auspices for every kind 
of human success. — Dewey. 

Let the rising generation be inspired with an ardent love 
of their country, an unquenchable thirst for liberty, and a pro¬ 
found reverence for the Constitution and the Union. Let 
the American youth never forget that they possess a noble 
inheritance, bought by the toils and sufferings and blood of 
their ancestors. —Story. 

0 God, look down upon the land which thou hast loved 
so well, 

And grant that in unbroken truth her children still may 
dwell; 

Nor, while the grass grows on the hills, and streams flow 
through the vale, 

May they forget their fathers’ faith, or in their covenant 
fail. — Anon. 


( 84 ) 




CHAPTER V. 

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL . 

COLLATERAL READING!. 

(1) Annuals and other publications of national and state historical 
societies. 

(2) Reports and publications, relating to history, issued by the national 
and state governments. 

(3) Books devoted particularly to phases of our country’s history or to 
its vital problems. 

(4) Current publications devoted particularly to United States history 
of which the Magazine of American History may be mentioned as a type, and 
those in which historical subjects and current events hold prominent posi¬ 
tion, including the Review of Reviews, World’s Work, the World To-Day, 
and many others. 

ORATIONS. 

The following orations, selected from Modern Eloquence, edited by T. B. Reed and 
published by John D. Morris and Company, Philadelphia, will aid the reader in securing 
a comprehensive view of our country’s history: 

Vol. Page 

Columbus, the Navigator, John Fiske . VIII. 490 

Virginia, R. A. Pryor . III. 959 

Dutch in New World, Wm. S. Stryker. III. 1104 

Dutch in New World, Thos. De Witt Talmage.^. III. 1128 

Hollander-as-American, Theodore Roosevelt. III. 998 

Puritan and Cavalier, Henry Watterson. III. 1191 

The First Thanksgiving, John Winslow. III. 1253 

Capt. John Smith, John S. Wise. III. 1266 

Democracy of Mayflower, Jas. M. Beck. I. 33 

The Glory of New England, Henry W. Beecher. I. 46 

Blend of Cavalier and Puritan, H. C. Caldwell. I. 112 

The Pilgrim Mothers, J. H. Choate. I. 164 

The Manysided Puritans, Horace Porter. III. 928 

Writs of Assistance, James Otis. XIV. 1526 

Independence, Samuel Adams. XI. 22 

Boston Massacre, John Hancock . XIII. 1125 

England and America, Edmund Burke . I. 185 

Battle of the Cowpens, T. W. Higginson. VIII. 618 

Victory of Yorktown, Richard S. Storrs. III. 1094 

Sons of Revolution, Walter Wyman. III. 1288 

Marshall and the Constitution, James Bryce. IX. 1033 

Safeguards of Constitution, John Adams . XI. 6 

(So) 

























80 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Federal Constitution, John Marshall. XIV. 1440 

On Tariff, John Randolph. XIV. 1697 

Reply to Hayne, Daniel Webster. XV. 2053 

Constitution and Union, Daniel Webster. III. 1210 ' 

Our Constitutional System, Bourke Cockran. I. 232 

Defense of Union, Edmund Randolph. XIV. 1678- 

Funeral Oration on Hamilton, Gouveneur Morris. IX. 887 

Against Burr, William Wirt. . . .•. XV. 2135 

Aaron Burr, Champ Clark. VII. 230- 

Liberty Under the Law, Geo. W. Curtis. I. 290- 

First Inaugural Address, George Washington. XV. 2032 

Farewell Address, George Washington. XV. 2036- 

Inaugural Address, John Adams. XI. 1 

First Inaugural Address, Thos. Jefferson. XIII. 1255- 

Admission of Louisiana, Josiah Quincy. XIV. 1663 

Sale of Lands, Tecumseh. XV. 1970' 

To Gen. Proctor, Tecumseh. XV. 1971 

Against Mexican War, Thomas Corwin . XII. 724 

Cooper Union Speech, Abraham Lincoln. XIV. 1339 

Gettysburg Speech, Abraham Lincoln. XII. 5 

Second Inaugural, Abraham Lincoln . VIII. 775- 

Lafayette, Henry Clay . VII. 247 

Inaugural, Benj. Harrison. XIII. 1137 

Death of Taylor, R. C. Winthrop. IX. 1222 

Story of Atlantic Cable, Cyrus Field. VIII. 473 

Telegraph, David D. Field. II. 490 

Buffalo Speech, Wm. McKinley. XIV. 1398 

Financial Situation (’95), John Sherman. XV. 1904 

Economy, Reform, Wm. Springer. XV. 1924 

Tilden-Hayes Election, A. G. Thurman. XV. 19S6 

Tilden-Hayes Election, Dan’l. W. Voorhees . XV. 2021 

Saxon Grit, Robt. Collyer. IV 261 

Reign of the Common People, H. W. Beecher . IV. 51 

Bimetalism, David B. Hill. XIII. 11S2 

Free Silver, R. P. Bland. XI. 273 

Protection, Jas. G. Blaine. XI. 259 

The Republic that Xever Retreats, A. J. Beveridge. I. 70 

Our Merchant Marine, James G. Blaine. I. 73 

Annexation of Hawaii, Champ Clark. XII. 615 

United States in Hawaii, C. K. Davis. XII. 804 

America’s Mission, Wm. J. Bryan. I. 94 

Indian Schools, George G. Vest. XV. 2013 

Exclusion of Chinese, George C. Perkins. XIV. 1572 

True Democracy, Grover Cleveland . I. 229 

Tariff Revision, Grover Cleveland. XII. 687 

Land Westward, Oliver E. Wolcott, . Ill 1273 

Manhood or Money, Robt. La Follette. XIII. 1280 

Torch of Civilization, Thomas N. Page. III. 861 

Russia and the United States, R. H. Dana . I. 323 

The Empire State, Chauncey Depew . I. 333 

American Patriotism, Wm. McKinley. IX. 847 

American Soldier, Joseph Wheeler . HI. 1220 






























































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SHARE OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE WORLDS PRODUCTS. 


Per Cent of the Wored 


10 20 30 40 50 80 70 30 


Area 

Population 

Cultivated Land 

Wheat 

Corn 

Oats 

Potatoes 

Wine 

Beer 

Spirits 

Sugar 

Tobacco 

Cotton 

Wool 

Cattle 

Horses 

Sheep 

Hogs 

Meat 

Fish 

Leather 

Cotton Cloth 

Woolen Cloth 

Paper 

Glass 

Gold 

Silver 

Coal 

Petroleum 

Iron Ore 

Pig Iron 

Steel 

Copper 

Lead 

Zinc 

Mercury 

R. R. Mileage 
Shipping 

Imports 

Exports 

Commerce 
























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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' V- 









































ORA 7 IONS 


87 


Army and Navy, W. T. Sherman. IV. 1040 

American Standard, Booker T. Washington. IX. 1140 

Adopted Citizen, U. S. Grant. II. 561 

Church and State, Robert Collyer. I. 267 

Citizen Soldier, Horace Porter. III. 924 

Commerce and Diplomacy, Andrew D. White. III. 1232 

Conservative, The, R. W. Emerson. IV. 377 

Democracy, Jas. R. Lowell,. VIII. 789 

Flag, The, John A. Dix. I. 410 

Flag, The, Fitzhugh Lee. II. 710 

Glories of Duluth, Proctor Knott. 4 .. VIII. 753 

Missouri Question, Wm. Pinckney. XIV. 1603 

Irrepressible Conflict, Wm. H. Seward. XV. 1849 

Northern Compromisers, Tliad. Stevens. XV. 1943 

Kansas, Chas. Sumner. XV. 1952 

Know-Nothingism, Henry A. Wise. XV. 2141 

War Power over Slavery, John Q. Adams. XI. 17 

Equality, Stephen A. Douglas. XIV. 1362 

Proslavery, Stephen A. Douglas . XIV. 1337 

Sumner Assault, Preston S. Brooks. XI. 328 

Slavery and Free Trade, John C. Calhoun. XI. 226 

Last Speech on Slavery, John C. Calhoun. XII. 457 

Kansas-Nebraska Bill, Salmon P. Chase . XII. 547 

Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay. XII. 663 

Dred Scott Decision, Abraham Lincoln. XIV. 135 

Preservation of Union, Rufus Choate. XII. 575 

On Leaving Union, Jefferson Davis. XII. 815 

Secession, Alex. H. Stephens. XV. 1932 

‘‘Cornerstone Address/’ Alex H. Stephens. XV. 1936 

Revolution or Secession, Robt. Toombs. XV. 2003 

In Liverpool, H. W. Beecher. XII. 6 

Appomattox, Theodore Roosevelt. IX. 995 

Reminiscense of War, Wm. T. Sherman. III. 1051 

Last Days of Confederacy, Gen. J. B. Gordon . V. 471 

Character and Result of War, Benj. F. Butler. XII. 445 

Abraham Lincoln, Horace Porter. III. 931 

Vision of War, Robt. G. Ingersoll. XIII. 1238 

Negro Suffrage, Sam. J. Tilclen. X\ I. 199 

Readmission of Tennessee, Gov. Brownlow. XIII. 1058 

The Race Problem, Henry W. Grady. II. 534 

The New South, Henry W. Grady. MU. 579 

Progress of the Negro, Booker T. Washington. IX. 1136 

Maine Disaster, Robt. G. Cousins. XII. 738 

Imperialism, Carl Schurz. N\ . 1834 

Philippines, John C. Spooner. NA . 1913 

Expansion, Theodore Roosevelt. HL 1002 

Occupation of Philippines, J. P. Dolliver. XIII. 919 

Subjugation of Philippines, George F. Hoar. XIII. 1194 

Future of the Philippines, Wm. McKinley. II. 818 

Spanish-American War, Nelson A. Miles. II. 831 

March of the Flag, Albert J. Beveridge. XI. 223 





















































88 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Battle of Manila, J. 15. Coghlan.>. I. 23G 

Our Reunited Country, Clark Howell. II. 647 

Washington, Henry Lee. XIII. 1304 

Washington, Charles J. Fox. XIII. 1025 

Adams and Jefferson, Daniel Webster. XV. 2082 

Bunker Hill, Daniel Webster. XV. 2090 

John Adams, James Otis. XI. 8 

Adams and Jefferson, E. Everett. VIII. 439 

Daniel Webster, Rufus Choate. VII. 216 

Speech in Faneuil Hall, Louis Kossuth. XIII. 1268 

Natural Growth of a Century, James R. Lowell. II. 741 

Andrew Jackson, George Bancroft . XI. 110 

Andrew Jackson, Thos. H. Benton. XI. 208 

Charles Sumner, L. Q. C. Lamar. XIII. 1289 

Raising Flag over Sumter, H. W. Beecher. XI. 180 

John Brown, Wendell Phillips. XIV. 1588 

Nominating Grant for Third Term, Roscoe Conkling. XII. 719 

General Grant, Horace Porter. III. 944 

General Grant, F. W. Farrer. VIII. 404 

Columbian Oration, Chauncey M. Depew. XIII. 898 

Answer to Bryan, Bourke Cockran. XII. 710 

Wm. McKinley, John Hay. XIII. 1149 

John Marshall, Richard Olney. IX. 932 

Janies A. Garfield, Janies G. Blaine. VII. 113 

Abraham Lincoln, Phillip Brooks. VII. 137 

Memorial Day, O. W. Holmes, Jr. VIII. 691 

Decoration Day, Thos. W. Higginson. VIII. 621 

The Blue and the Gray, H. C. Lodge. II. 723 

Union of the States, Benjamin Harrison. II. 589 

Liberty Enlightening the World, Wm. M. Evarts. II. 469 

Navy, The, in Peace and War, W. S. Schley. III. 1031 

National Sentiments, R. B. Hayes. II. 601 

Navy, The, John D. Long. II. 727 

North and South, J. A. Fellows. II. 482 

Our Country, Wm. McKimey,. II. 815 

The Strenuous Life, Tlieo. Roosevelt. IV. 995 

POETICAL SELECTIONS. 

The following poems have been selected from The World’s Best Poetry, edited by Bliss 
Carmen and published by John D. Morris and Company, of Philadelphia. 

Vol. VIII., Poems of National Spirit. 

Allston Washington, America to Great Britain. 27 

Beers, E. E., All Quiet Along the Potomac. 35 Q 

Bennett, H. H., The Flag Goes by. 108 

Boker, Geo., H. The Black Regiment. 933 

Dirge for a Soldier. 370 

Bolton, Sarah T., Left on the Battle Field. 3 §q 












































POEMS 89 

Bryant , Wm. Cullen, America . 88 

Antiquity of Freedom, The. 115 

The Battle Field. 447 

Our Country’s Call. 98 

Song of Marion’s Men. 330 

Drake, Joseph Rodman, The American Flag. 152 

Dwight, Timothy, Columbia. 89 

Emerson, R. W., By the Rude Bridge.. 326 

Finch, Francis M., Nathan Hale.,. 328 

The Blue and the Gray. 455 

Garrison, Wm. Lloyd, The Freedom of the Mind. 161 

Gassaway, Frank H., Bay Billy (Dec. 15, 1S62). 371 

Gibbons, Jas. S., “Three Hundred Thousand More”. 356 

Griffith, Geo. B., Our Fallen Heroes. 449 

Hay, John, Liberty. 112 

Hazewell, Edward W., Veteran and Recruit. 19 

Henians, Mrs. F. D. B., Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers . . . 150 

Hoffman, Charles F., Monterey.:. 336 

Holmes, Oliver W., Old Ironsides. 96 

Brother Jonathan’s Lament. 344 

Hovey, Richard, The Battle of Manila. 421 

Howe, Julia Ward, Our Orders. 381 

Battle Hymn of the Republic . 172 

Howells, Wm. Dean, The Two Wives. 359 

Kennedy, Crammond, The Nation’s Prayer . 102 

Key, Francis Scott, The Star Spangled Banner. 158 

La Conte, Maria, Somebody’s Darling . 344 

Longfellow, Henry W., The Republic. 74 

The Arsenal at Springfield... 491 

Lowell, Jas. R., Jonathan to John. 342 

The Present Crisis . 148 

Lunt, Geo., Requiem (For one slain in battle). 360 

McLellan, Isaac, New England’s Dead. 189 

O’Conor, Joseph, The General’s Death. 351 

O’Hara, Theodore, Bivouac of the Dead. 464 

Putnam, Kate Osgood, Driving Home the Cows . 449 

Paine, Thomas, The Liberty Tree. 300 

Palmer, John W., Stonewall Jackson’s Way. 326 

Pierpont, John, Warren’s Address. 369 

Not on the Battle Field. 426 

Pike Albert, Dixie. 122 

Preston, Margaret J., Under the Shade of the Tree (Stonewall Jackson). 304 

Proctor, Edna Dean, Heroes. 193 

Randall, James Ryder, My Maryland. 173 

Read, Thomas Buchanan, Sheridan’s Ride. 309 

The Brave at Home. 185 

The Closing Scene. 403 

Riley, James Whitcomb, The Old Man and Jim.. 316 

Realf, Richard, A Holy Nation. 787 

Rooney, John J., The Men Behind the Guns (1898). 751 




















































90 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Ryan, Abram J., Sentinel Songs. 

The Conquered Banner. 

The Cause of the South. 

Shanly, Chas. D., Civil War. 

Smith, Samuel Francis, America. 

Stanton, Frank L., An Old Battle Field. 

Stedman, Edmund Clarence, Cavalry Song. 

Hymn of the West (St. Louis Exposition). 

Kearney at Seven Pines. 

Stoddard, Richard Henry, Men of the North and West. 

Thompson, Edward P., The C. S. Army’s Commissary. 

Thompson, John Randolph, Lee to the Rear . 

Music in Camp. 

Timrod, Henry, Ode. 

A Cry to Arms. 

Townsend, Geo. W., The Army Correspondent’s Last Ride. 

Watson, John W., Wounded to Death. 

Whittier, John G., Barbara Frietchie.*. 

Brown of Osawatomie. 

John Charles Fremont. 

Laus, Deo . 

Our State. 

Disarmament. 

The Reformer. 

Centennial Hymn. 

Anonymous, The Countersign. 

Tramp, Tramp, Tramp. 

When this Cruel War is Over. 

The Year of Jubilee. 

BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. 

DISCOVERIES, EXPLORATIONS, INDIANS. 

Washington Irving, Life of Columbus. 

Hale, Stories of Discovery. 

Wallace, The Fair God. 

Towle, Heroes of History*. 

Henty, By Right of Conquest: Under Drake’s Flag. 

Kingsley, Westward, Ho. 

Drake, Indian History for Young Folks. 

COLONIZATION. 

Coffin, Old Times in the Colonies. 

Tiffany, From Colony to Commonwealth. 

Hawthorne, Grandfather’s Chair. 

Dodge, Stories of American History. 

Earle, Child Life in Colonial Times. 

Gilman, Historical Readers. 

Catherwood, Story of Tonty. 

Wilkins, In Colonial Times. 

Markham, Colonial Days. 


413 
451 
353 
95 
446 
365 
458 
367 
97 
396 
401 
3S9 
475 
102 
408 
375 
362 
169 
173 
176 
93 
425 
157 
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352 
380 
382 
411 







































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MISSOURI 

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I-MANUFACTURES (ZZ3 TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION 

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BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE 


REVOLUTION AND CONFEDERATION. 

Fiske-Irving, Washington and His Country. 

Hart, Camps and Firesides of the Revolution. 

Coffin, Boys of ’76. 

Filet, Domestic History of the Revolution. 

Harte, Thankful Blossom. 

Scudder, George Washington. 

Cooper, The Spy; Lionel Lincoln. 

Hawthorne, True Stories from History and Biography. 
Abbott, Blue Jackets of ’7G. 

Preble, History of the Flag. 

BUILDING THE NATION, 1783-1800. 

M right, Children’s Stories of American Progress. 

Coffin, Building the Nation. 

Roosevelt, Winning of the West. 

E. E. Hale, Stories of Invention. 

Bolton, Poor Boys Who Became Famous. 

Towle, Heroes and Martyrs of Invention. 

Eggleston, Strange Stories; Captain Sam; Big Brother. 
Frost, The Mill Boy of the Slashes. 

Dana, Two Years Before the Mast 
Munroe, Golden Days of ’49. 


CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 

Butterworth, Boyhood of Lincoln. 

Helen Nicolay, Boy’s Life of Lincoln. 

Blaisdell, Stories of the Civil War. 

Soley, Sailor Boys of ’61. 

Trowbridge, Cudjo Cave* The Three Scouts; The Drummer Boy. 

Goss, Jed. 

Page, Among the Camps; Two Little Confederates. 

Coffin, The Drumbeat; Marching to Victory; Following the Flag; Freedom 
Triumphant. 

Headley, Heroes of the Rebellion. 

Thomas, Captain Phil. 

Harris, On the Plantation. 


EXPANSION. 

Bolton, Famous American Statesmen. 

Ellis, Red Man and White Man. 

Custer, Boots and Saddles; Following the Guidon. 

Roy Baker, Boy’s Book of Inventions. 

Brooks, War with Spain. 

Flint, Marching with Gomez. 

Otis, Boys of ’98; When Dewey Came to Manila. 

Twombley, Hawaii and its People. 

B. T. Washington, Up from Slavery; Working with the Hands. 
Riis, The Making of an American. 

Stratemyer, Boys’ Life of Wm. McKinley; Theodore Roosevelt. 


92 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 

V 


GENERAL BOOK LIST.* 

Adams, John Quincy, Memoir, 12 vols., Phil., 1877. 

Adams, C. K., Manual of Historical Literature, 1882. 

Adams, Henry, History of the United States during the Administrations of Jefferson and 
Madison. 

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 

American Commonwealths. Ed. by H. E. Scudder. With maps. 12 vols. 

California. Josiali Royce. 

Connecticut. New ed., Alexander Johnson. 

Indiana. Jacob P. Dunn, Jr. 

Kansas. Leverett W. Spring. 

Kentucky. N. S. Shaler. 

Maryland. Wm. H. Browne. 

Michigan. T. M. Cooley. 

Missouri. Lucien Carr. 

New York. E. H. Roberts. 2 vols. 

Ohio. Rufus King. Enlarged by Theodore Clark Smith. 

Vermont. R. E. Robinson. 

Virginia. John Esten Cooke. Enlarged by Wm. Garrott Brown. 

American Crisis Biographies. 6 vols. Ed. by Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer, with the counsel 
of John B. McMaster. 

Judah P. Benjamin, Thomas H. Benton, Frederick Douglass, David G. Farragut, 
Abraham Lincoln, William T. Sherman, Pierce Butler, Joseph M. Rogers, Booker 
T. Washington, John R. Spears, Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer, Edward Robins. 
American Historical Association Publications. Papers, 5 vols., N. Y., 1885-90. Annuals, 
1887—. 

American History Leaflets. Ed. by A. B. Hart. Pamphlets on historical subjects. 
American History Series. 6 vols. With maps and plans. 12mo. 

The Colonial Era, 1402-1756. Geo. P. Fisher. 

The French War and the Revolution, 1756-1783. Wm. M. Sloane. 

The Making of the Nation, 1783-1817. General F. A. Walker. 

The Middle Period, 1817-1860. J. W. Burgess. 

The Civil War and the Constitution, 1859-1865. J. W. Burgess. 2 vols. 
Reconstruction and the Constitution. J. W. Burgess. 

American Men of Energy. 5 vols. 

1 Benjamin Franklin. E. Robins. 

2 Thomas Knox. Noah Brooks. 

3 John James Audubon. Ed. by his widow, Lucy Audubon 

4 Israel Putnam. Wm. F. Livingston. 

5 James Lawrence, Captain U. S. N. A. Gleaves. 

American Men of Letters. 19 vols. Ed. by Chas. Dudley Warner. With portrait. 
16mo. William Cullen Bryant, John Bigelow, J. Fenimore Cooper, T. R. Louns- 
bury, George William Curtis, Eclw. Cary, Ralph Waldo Emerson, O.W. Holmes, Ben¬ 
jamin Franklin, John Bach McMaster, Washington Irving, C. D. Warner, Margaret 
Fuller Ossoli, T. W. Higginson, Edgar Allan Poe, George Ripley, O. B. Frothing- 
ham, William Gilmore Simms, Wm. P. Trent, Bayard Taylor, A. H. Smith, 
Henry D. Thoreau, F. B. Sanborn, Noah Webster, H. E. Scudder, Nathaniel 
Parker Willis, PI. A. Beers, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Geo. EAVoodberry, Henry W.Long- 


*Suggestive only, not exhaustive. 



GENERAL BOOK LIST 


93 


fellow, T. W. Higginson, Francis Parkman, H. D. Sedgwick, Jr., William Hickling 
Prescott, ltollo Ogden, John Greenleaf Whittier, Geo. R. Carpenter. 

American Nation, The. 21 vols. Ed. by Albert Bushnell Hart. With frontispieces 
and maps. 

The European Background of American History. E. P. Cheyney. 
American Conditions of American History. Livingston Farrand. 

Spain in America. E. C. Bourne. 

English in America. Lyon G. Tyler. 

Colonial Self-government. Clias. M. Andrews. 

Provincial America. Evarts P. Greene. 

France in America. Reuben Gold Thwaites. 

Preliminaries of the Revolution. Geo. Elliott Howard. 

The American Revolution. Claude Halstead Van Tyne. 

The Confederation and the Constitution. Andrew C. McLaughlin. 

The Federalist System. John Spencer Bassett. 

The Jeffersonian System, 1801-1811. Edw. Channing. 

The Rise of American Nationality, 1811-1819. Chas. K. Babcock. 

The Rise of the New West, 1819-1829. Fred J. Turner. 

Jacksonian Democracy, 1829-1837. Wm. MacDonald. 

Slavery and Abolition. Albert Bushnell Hart. 

Westward Extension. Geo. Pierce Garrison. 

Vol. XVIII. Politics and Slavery. Theodore Clarke Smith. 

Vol. XIX. Causes of the Civil War. French Ensor Chadwick. 

Vol. XX. The Appeal to Arms. James Kendall Hosmer. 

Vol. XXI. The Outcome of the Civil War. James Kendall Hosmer. 

American Orations. 4 vols. From the Colonial Period to the Present Time. Ed. by 
Alex. Johnston and Jas. A. Woodburn., 

Series I. Colonialism, Constitutional Government, The Rise of Democracy, The Rise 
of Nationality. 

Series II. The Anti-Slavery Struggle. 

Series III. The Anti-Slavery Struggle (continued)—Secession. 

Series IV. Civil War and Reconstruction—Free Trade and Protection, Finance and 
Civil Service Reform. 

American . Religious Leaders. 7 vols. 12mo. 

Jonathan Edwards, A. V. G. Allen, Charles G. Finney, G. F. Wright, Wilbur Fisk, 
Geo. Prentice, Mark Hopkins, Pres. F. Carter, William Augustus Muhlenberg, W. W. 
Newton, Henry Boynton Smith, L. F. Stearns, Francis W ayland, J. O. Murray. 

American Statesmen. 31 vols. Ed. by John T. Morse, Jr. 

Charles Francis Adams, Chas. F. Adams, Jr. 

John Adams, J. T. Morse, Jr. 

John Quincy Adams, J. T. Morse, Jr 


Vol. I. 

Vol. 11. 
Vol. III. 
Vol. IV. 
Vol. V. 

Vol. VI. 
Vol. VII. 
Vol. VIII. 
Vol. IX. 
Vol. X. 
Vol. XI. 
Vol. XII. 
Vol. XIII. 
Vol. XIV. 
Vol. XV. 
Vol. XVI. 
Vol. XVII. 


Samuel Adams, Jas. K. Hosmer. 

Thomas H. Benton, Theodore Roosevelt. 
John C. Calhoun, H. von Holst. 

Lewis Cass, A. C. McLaughlin. 

Salmon P. Chase, A. B. Hart. 

Henry Clay, C. Schurz, 2 vols. 

Benjamin Franklin, J. T. Morse, Jr. 
Albert Gallatin, J. A. Stevens. 

Alexander Hamilton, Id. C. Lodge. 
Patrick Henry, M. C. Tyler. 


94 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Andrew Jackson, W. G. Sumner. 

John Jay, Geo. Pellew. 

Thomas Jefferson, J. T. Morse, Jr. 

Abraham Lincoln, J. T. Morse, Jr. 2. vols. 

James Madison, S. H. Gay. 

John Marshall, A. B. Magruder. 

James Monroe, D. C. Gilman. 

Gouverneur Morris, Theodore Roosevelt. 

John Randolph, H. Adams. 

William H. Seward, T. Iv. Lothrop. 

Thaddeus Stevens, S. W. McCall. 

Charles Sumner, M. Storey. 

Martin Van Buren, Edw. M. Shepard. 

Daniel Webster, H. C. Lodge. 

George Washington, Id. C. Lodge. 2. vols. 

James G. Blaine, Edw. Stan wood. 

John Sherman, Theodore E. Burton. 

Andrews, E. B., History of the United States. 4 vols. N. Y., 1894; Constitutional His¬ 
tory of the United States; Last Twenty-five Years of the Century. 

Appleton’s Cyclopedia of American Biography. 

Bancroft, George, History of the United States, 1492-1784. 

Bancroft, H. H., History of the Pacific States. 34 vols.; Native Races of the Pacific 
States. 5 vols. 

Barnes, M. S. and E., Studies in American History, 1888; 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. 4 vols. 1888. 

Benton, T. H., Thirty Years’ View, 1820-1850. 

Beacon Biographies, The. 27 vols. Ed. by M. A. De Wolfe Howe. 

Agassiz, Louis. Alice B. Gould. 

Audubon, John James. John Burroughs. 

Booth, Edwin. Chas. T. Copeland. 

Brooks, Phillips. M. A. De Wolfe Howe. 

Brown, John. Jos. E. Chamberlain. 

Burr, Aaron. Henry C. Merwin. 

Cooper, James Fenimore. W. B. S. Clvmer. 

Decatur, Stephen. Cyrus T. Brady. 

Douglass, Frederick. Chas. W. Chesnutt. 

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. F. B. Sanborn. 

Farragut, David G. Jas. Barnes. 

Fiske, John. Thos. Sergeant Perry. 

Grant, Ulysses S. Owen Wister. 

Hamilton, Alexander. Jas. Schouler. 

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Mrs. Jas. T. Fields. 

Hecker, Father. Henry D. Sedgwick, Jr. 

Houston, Sam. Sarah B. Elliott. 

Jackson, Stonewall. Carl Hovey. 

Jefferson, Thomas. Thos. E. Watson. 

Lee, Robert E. Wm. P. Trent. 

Longfellow", Henry W. Geo. R. Carpenter. 

Lowell, James Russell. Edw r . E. Hale, Jr. 

Morse, Samuel Finley Breese. John Trowbridge. 

Paine, Thomas. Ellery Sedgwick. 








VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF MANUFACTURES IN THE SEVENTEEN LEADING STATES: 1870 TO 1900 



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1900 

1890 

1880 

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1900 

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1870 

I860 

1850 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

I860 

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1900 

1890 

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I860 

I860 


average number of wage earners employed 

IN MANUFACTURES: 1850 TO 1900 



CAPITAL INVESTED: 1850 TO 1900 


iO 10 


HUNDREOS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 
30 4 0 50 60 70 


80 90 IOO 


VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1850 TO 1900 


HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 

0 13 24 36 48 60 72 84 94 108 120 132 



PROPORTION OF AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS EMPLOYED IN 
MANUFACTURES TO POPULATION: 1850 TO 1900 

PER CENT 

f i 2 3 4 5 6 7 










































































































GENERAL BOOK LIST 


95 


Webster, Daniel. Norman Hapgood. 

Whitman, Walt. Isaac Hull Platt. 

Whittier, John Greenleaf. Rich. Burton. 

Blaine, Jas. G. Twenty Years in Congress. 

Bolton, S. K. Famous American Statesman. 

Bourne, E. G. Spain in America, 1904. 

Brewer, David. World’s Best Orations. 10 vols. 

Brigham, A. T., Geographic Influences in American Ilistory. 

Bryant, Wm. C. and Sidney H. Gay. A Popular History of the United States. 5 vols. 
Bryant, Wm. C. Library of Poetry and Song. 

Bryce, James. American Commonwealth. 

Bureau of Ethnology, Reports of. Issued by U. S. Government. Edited under direction 
of J. W. Powell, F. V. I laden, L. Wheeler and others. 

Butterworth, Hezekiah. \oung Folks’ History of America, 1894; Songs of History, 
Historical Poems, etc., 1898. 

Campaigns of the Civil War. Chronologically arranged. 13 vols. 

I. The Outbreak of the Rebellion. John G. Nicolay. 

II. From Fort Henry to Corinth. The Hon. M. F. Force. 

III. Idie Peninsula. McClellan’s Campaign of 1862. A. S. Webb. 

IV. Idie Army under Pope. J. C. Ropes. 

V. Antietam and Fredericksburg. Gen. F. W. Palfrey. 

VI. Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. Gen. Abner Doubleday. 

VII. ddie Army of the Cumberland. Gen. H. M. Cist. 

VIII. The Mississippi. Lieut. F. V. Greene. 

IX. Atlanta. J. D. Cox. 

X. ddie March to the Sea—Franklin and Nashville. J. I). Cox. 

XI. The Shenandoah Valley. Geo. A. Pond. 

XII. The Virginia Campaigns of ’64 and *65—The Army of the Potomac and the 
Army of the James. Gen. A. A. Humphreys. 

Statistical Record of the Armies of the United States. A supplementary volume to the 
Campaigns of the Civil War.” Capt. Frederick Phisterer. 

Channing, Edward. Student’s History of the United States; The United States of Amer¬ 
ica, 1765-1865, N. Y., 1896; Town and County Government of the New England 
Colonies. 

Carrington, H. B. Battles of the Revolution; Beacon Lights of Patriotism. 

Coffin, Charles Carleton. The Story of Liberty; Boys of ’76; Old Times in the Colonies; 
Building of the Nation; Drumbeat of the Nation; Marching to Victory; Freedom 
Triumphant; Redeeming the Republic. 

Columbia University Studies in History. 

Committee of Ten Report to National Educational Association. Bureau of Education. 
Circular No. 205. Washington, D. C. 

Congressional Documents. Publications authorized by Congress. Many for free distri¬ 
bution. Apply to Supt. of Public Documents, Gov’t. Printing Office, Washington D. C. 

Cyclopedia of American Literature. 

Duyckinck, E. A. and G. L. Portrait Gallery of Noted Men. 2 vols. 

Cyclopedia of Political Science. Lalor, J. J. 3 vols. 1894. 

Cyclopedia of American Biography. National. 6 vols. 1894. 

Davis, Jefferson. Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government. 2 vols. 1881. 

Depew, C. M. The World’s Best Orations. 10 vols. 

Doyle, J. A. English Colonies in America. 3 vols. 

Draper, J. W. History of the Civil War- 3 vols. 


96 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Drake, S. A. New England Legends and Folk Lore. 
Drake, Samuel Adams. S vols. Works. 

Historic Mansions and Highways around Boston. 
Nooks and Corners of the New England Coast. 

Old Landmarks and Historic Personages of Boston. 
Border Wars of New England, The. 

Making of the Great West, The. 1512-1853. 
Making of New England, The. 1580-1643. 

Making of the Ohio Valley States, The. 1660-1837. 


Making of Virginia and the Middle Colonies, The. 1578-1701. 

Dye, Eva E. McLoughlin and Old Oregon; The Conquest (Louisiana and Oregon Con¬ 
quest). 

Earle, Alice Morse. Child Life in Colonial Days. 5 vols 
Colonial Dames and Goodwives. 

Home Life in Colonial Days. 

Sabbath-in-Puritan New England. The. 

Stage-coach and Tavern Days. 

Two Centuries of Costume in America, 1620-1820. 

Eggleston, Edward. Beginnings of a Nation, 1896; School United States History; Transit 
of Civilization, 1901. 

Eggleston, G. C. War Ballads. 2 vols; A Rebel’s Recollections, 1S78. 

Ellis Geo. E. The Red Man and the White Man in America; 1882. 

Elson, Henry W. History of the United States of America; Side Lights on American 
History. 

Encyclopedia, American. 

Encyclopedia Britannica. 

Epochs of American History. Ed. by A. B. Hart. 

I. The Colonies, 1492-1750. Reuben Gold Thwaite.s. 

II. Formation of the Union, 1750-1829. Albert Bushnell Hart. 

III. Division and Reunion, 1829-1889. Woodrow Wilson. 

Expansion of America Series. 

Alaska. Oscar P. Austin. 

Brief History of the Rocky Mountain Exploration, A. Reuben Gold Thwaites. 
Conquest of the Southwest, The. Cyrus Townsend Brady. 

History of Puerto Rico, The. R. A. Van Middeldyk. 

History of the Louisiana Purchase. Jas. K. Hosmer. 

Ohio and Her Western Reserve. Alfred Mathews. 

Steps in the Expansion of our Territory. Oscar P. Austin. 

Chancellor, Wm. Estabrook, and Hewes, Fletcher Willis. The United States. 

Vol. I. Colonization, 1607-1697. 

Vol. II. Colonial Union, 1698-1774. 

Vol. III. Revolution and Constitution, 1775-1788. 

Fiske, John. American Revolution, 2 vols., 1S91; Beginnings of New England; Criti¬ 
cal Period of American History, 1S88; Discovery of America, 2 vols., 1892; Dutch 
and Quaker Colonies, 2 vols., 1899; Old Virginia and Her Neighbors, 2 vols., 1897; 
History of the United States (For Schools). 

Foster, J. W. Century of American Diplomacy, 1900. 

Franklin, Benj. Complete Works. 10 vols., 1888. 

Frotherington, R. Rise of the Republic, 1895. 

Geological and Geographical Surveys of United States. 

Hadyen, F. V. Annual Reports. 12 vols., Washington, 1878-83. 


GENERAL ROOK LIST 


97 


Wheeler, G. M. Surveys West of 100 Meridian. 7 vols., W asliington, 1877-79. 
Powell, J. \\. Surveys Rocky Mt. Region. 19 vols., Washington, 187(3. 

Reports of Bureau of Ethnology, 1880 to 1907. 

King, C. Exploration of 40th Parallel. 7 vols., Washington, 1870-80. 

Gilman, Arthur. History of the People of the United States, 1889; Historical Readers, 
3 vols. 

Gordy, J. P. History of Political Parties in the United States, 1902. 

Garland, Hamlin. Life and Character of Ulysses S. Grant. 

Grant, Ulysses S. Personal Memoirs. 

Greeley, Horace. The American Conflict. 2 vols. 

Greene, G. W. Historical View of the American Revolution, 1865. 

Great Commanders Series. Ed. by Gen. Jas. Grant Wilson. 12mo. 

Admiral Farragut. Capt. A. T. Mahan, U. S. N. 

Gen. Forrest. With illustrations and maps. Capt. J. Harvey Mathes. 

Gen. Grant. Gen. Jas. Grant Wilson. With portrait, illustrations and maps. 

Gen. Greene. Capt. Francis V. Greene, U. S. A. 

Gen. Hancock. Gen. F. A. Walker. 

Gen. Jackson. Jas. Parton. 

Gen. J. E. Johnston. Robt. M. Hughes. 

Commodore Paul Jones. Cyrus Townsend Brady. With photogravure portrait and 
maps. 

Gen. Lee. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee. 

Gen. McClellan. Gen. Peter S. Michie. 

Gen. Meade. Isaac R. Pennybacker. 

Admiral Porter. Jas. Russell Soley. 

Gen. Scott. Gen. Marcus J. Wright. 

Gen. Sheridan. Gen. Henry E. Davies. 

Gen. Sherman. Gen. M. F. Force. 

Gen. Taylor. Gen. O. O. Howard, U. S. A. 

Gen. Thomas. Henry Coppee, LL. D. 

Gen. Washington. Gen. Bradley T. Johnson. 

Hale, E. E. Stories of Discovery. 

Hamilton, Alex. Complete Works. 9 vols., 1851. 

Headley, J. T. Heroes of the Civil War. 6 vols. Gens. Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, 
Mitchell, Admiral Farragut, John Ericsson. 

Hart, A. B. American History Leaflets; Formation of the Union; Essentials of U. S. 
History; Source Readers in American History. 4 vols., 1903; The American Nation; 
A History from Original Sources. 28 vols., 1904; American History Told by Cop- 
temporaries. 4 vols.; Source Book. 

Harvard Historical Series. 10 vols. 

I. The Slave Trade; II. Ratification of Federal Constitution in Massachusetts; III. 
Nullification in South Carolina; IV. Nominations for elective office; V. Bibliog¬ 
raphy of British Municipal History; VI. Liberty and Free Soil Parties. 

Harper’s Pictorial History of the Civil War. 2 vols.; Cyclopedia of the United States His¬ 
tory. 10 vols. 

Higginson, T. W. Larger History of the United States, 1886; Young Folks’Series; Young 
Folks’ History; American Explorers; Army Life; Tales of Enchanted Islands (Pre- 
Columbian). 

Hinsdale, B. A. How to Study and Teach History, 1894; Old North West, 1888. 
Hildreth, R. History of the United States, 1821. 6 vols. 

Hosmer. J. K. 1902; Mississippi Valley, 1901, Louisiana Purchase. 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


DS 


Historic Towns of the United States. Edited by Lyman P. Powell. 

1 . Historic Towns of the Middle States. 

2 . Historic Towns of New England. 

3. Historic Towns of the Southern States. 

4. Historic Towns of the Western States. 

International Cyclopedia. 

Irving, Washington. Astoria; Columbus. 4 vols.; Companions of Columbus; Knicker¬ 
bocker History of New York; Washington. 5 vols. 

Jefferson, Thomas. Complete Works. 10 vols. 

Johnston, Alexander. American Orations. 4 vols., 1897; American Politics, 1880; His¬ 
tory of the United States (For Schools). 

Johns Hopkins University Studies. 17 annuals. 21 extra vols. 

Kendall, Elizabeth. Source Book of English History, 1900. 

Lalor, J. J. Cyclopedia of Political Science. 4 vols. 

Landon, J. S. Constitutional History of the United States, 1889. 

Larned, J. N. History for Ready Reference. 6 vols., 1901; Literature of American His¬ 
tory, 1902; History of the United States (For Schools). 

Lincoln, Abraham. Complete Works. Ed. by Nicolay and Hay. 2 vols., 1894. 

Lecky, Wm. E. H. American Revolution, The. 1763-1783; Democracy and Liberty. 

2 vols.; French Revolution, The History of England in the Eighteenth Century. 

Lewis, Captain Meriwether, and Clark, Captain Wm. History of the Expedition of Cap¬ 
tains Lewis and Clark, 1803-6. 

Locke, M. S. Anti-Slavery in America, 1619-1808. 

Lodge, H. C. Story of the Revolution. 2 vols.; Alexander Hamilton (Am. S. S.); Daniel 
Webster (Am. S. S.); George Washington (Am. S. S.); English Colonies, A Short His¬ 
tory of George Cabot; History of War with Spain. 

Lodge, H. C. and Theodore Roosevelt. Hero Tales from History, 1895. 

Lossing, Benj. J. Cyclopedia of United States History. 2 vols., 1881; Field Book of the 
Revolution. 2 vols; War of 1812; History of the United States; Campaigns of the 
Civil War. 

Leslie’s History of the Civil War. 2 vols. Reprint from Leslie’s Weekly. Good Illus¬ 
trations. 

Lowell, James R. Political Essays and Poems. 

Lucas, C. P. Historical Geography of the English Colonies. 

Makers of America. 14 vols. 

Bienville, Jean Baptiste Lemoine, sieur de. Grace King. 

Calvert, George and Cecilius. Wm. Hand Browne. 

Columbus, Christopher. Chas. Kendall Adams. 

Fulton, Robert. R. H. Thurston. 

Hamilton, Alexander. Wm. G. Sumner. 

Higginson, Francis. Tlios. W. Higginson. 

Hooker, Thomas. Geo. L. Walker, D. D. 

Houston, Samuel. Henry Bruce. 

Jefferson, Thomas. Jas. Schouler. 

Mather, Cotton. Barrett Wendell. 

Morris, Robert. Wm. G. Sumner. 

Stuyvesant, Peter. Bayard Tuckerman. 

Sumner, Charles. Anna L. Dawes. 

Winthrop, John Rev. Jos. H. Twitched. 

MacCoun, Townsend. Historical Geography; Historical Charts. 

McCullough, Hugh. Men and Measures of a Hundred Years. 


V 


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GENERAL BOOK LIST 


99 


Macdonald, Wm. Charters and Other Documents Illustrative of American History, 1606- 
1775; Documents Illustrative of the History of the United States, 1776-1861; Docu¬ 
ments as above, 1861-1898. 

McMaster, John B. History of the People of the United States from the Revolution to 
the Civil War. To be completed in 7 vols.; With the Fathers. 

Maclay, Edgar S. History of American Privateers; History of the United' States Navy, 
1775-1901, 3 vols. 

Mace, W. H. United States History (for schools), 1904; Manual of American History, 
1895. 

Madison, James. Letters and Writings, 4 vols., 1865. 

Mathews, Brander. Poems of Patriotism, 1882. 

Modern Eloquence. 15 vols., 1898. 

Monroe, James. Complete Works, 4 vols., 1898. 

Montgomery, D. H. School History of the United States, 1898. 

Moore, Frank. War Ballads; Diary of American Revolution, 2 vols., 1860. 

Morgan, L. H. American Aborigines. 

Mowry, W. A. and A. M. History of the United States. 

National Cyclopedia of Biography. 6 vols. 

National Educational Association Proceedings. Annual volumes. 

National Educational Reports. 

National Bureau of Education. Circulars of Information. 

National Bureau of Education Reports, 1870-1907. Annual vols. since 1870, Washington, 
D.C. 

Navy in the Civil War, The. With maps. 

I. The Blockade and the Cruisers, J. R. Soley, U. S. N. 

II. The Atlantic Coast, Rear-Admiral Dan’l Annnen, U. S. N. 

III. The Gulf and Inland Waters, Capt. A. T. Mahan, U. S. N. 

Nicolay, J. G. and John Hay. Life of Lincoln. 10 vols. 

Noyes, A. D. Thirty Years of American Finance. 

Old South Leaflets, on American History. Boston, 1888 —. 

1. The Constitution of the United States. 

2. The Articles of Confederation. 

3. The Declaration of Independence. 

4. Washington’s Farewell Address. 

5. Magna Charta. 

6. Vane’s “Healing Question.” 

7. Charter of Massachusetts Bay, 1629. 

8. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1638. 

9. Franklin’s Plan of Union, 1754. 

10. Washington’s Inaugurals. 

11. Lincoln’s Inaugurals and Emancipation Proclamation. 

12. The Federalist, No. 1 and 2. 

13. The Ordinance of 1787. 

14. The Constitution of Ohio. 

15. Washington’s Circular Letter to the Governors of the States, 1783. 

16. Washington’s Letter to Benjamin Harrison, 1784. 

17. Verrazzano’s Voyage. 

18. The Swiss Constitution. 

19. The Bill of Rights, 1689. 

20. Coronado’s Letter to Mendoza, 1540. 

21 . Eliots’ Narrative, 1670. 


100 


23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

39. 

40. 

41. 

42. 

43. 

44. 

45. 

46. 

47. 

48. 

49. 

50. 

51. 

52. 

53. 

54. 

55. 

56. 

57. 

58. 

59. 

60. 
61. 
62. 

63. 

64. 

65. 

66 . 

67. 

68 . 

69. 

70. 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES 11LSTOHY 


Wheelock’s Narrative, 1762. 

The Petition of Rights, 1628. 

The Grand Remonstrance, 1641. 

The Scottish National Covenant, 1638. 

The Agreement of the People, 1648-9. 

The Instrument of Government, 1653. 

Cromwell’s First Speech, 1653. 

The Discovery of America, from the Life of Columbus by his Son, Ferdinand 
Columbus. 

Strabo’s Introduction to Geography. 

The Voyages to Vinland, from the Saga of Eric the Red. 

Marco Polo’s Account of Japan and Java. 

Columbus’ Letter to Gabriel Sanchez, describing the First Voyage and Dis¬ 
covery. 

Amerigo Vespucci’s Account of his First Voyage. 

Cortes’ Account of the City of Mexico. 

The Death of De Soto, from the “Narrative of a Gentleman of Elvas.” 

Early Notices of the Voyages of the Cabots. 

Henry Lee’s Funeral Oration on Washington. 

De Vaca’s Account of his Journey to New Mexico, 1535. 

Manasseh Cutler’s Description of Ohio, 1787. 

Washington’s Journal of his Tour to the Ohio, 1770. 

Garfield’s Address on the Northwest Territory and the Western Reserve. 
George Rogers Clark’s Account of the Capture of Vincennes, 1779. 

Jefferson’s Life of Captain Meriwether Lewis. 

Fremont’s Account of his Ascent of Fremont’s Peak. 

Father Marquette at Chicago, 1673. 

Washington’s Account of the Army at Cambridge, 1775. 

Bradford’s Memoir of Elder Brewster. 

Bradford’s First Dialogue. 

Winthrop’s “Conclusions for the Plantation in New England.” 

“New England’s First Fruits,” 1643. 

John Eliot’s “ Indian Grammar Begun.” 

John Cotton’s “God’s Promise to his Plantation.” 

Letters of Roger Williams to Winthrop. 

Thomas Hooker’s “Way of the Churches of New England.” 

The Monroe Doctrine, 1823. 

The English Bible. 

Letters of Hooper to Bullinger. 

Sir John Eliot’s “Apologie for Socrates.” 

Ship-money Papers. 

Pym’s Speech Against Strafford. 

Cromwell’s Second Speech. 

A Free Commonwealth, by John Milton. 

Sir Henry Vane’s Defence, 1662. 

Washington’s Addresses to the Churches. 

Winthrop’s “Little Speech” on Liberty. 

The Bostonian Ebenezer, by Cotton Mather. 

The Destruction of the Tea, by Thomas Hutchinson. 

Description of the New Netherlands, by Adrain Van der Donck. 

Debate on the Suffrage in Congress, 17S7. 


GENERAL BOOK LIST 


101 


71. Columbus’ Memorial to Ferdinand and Isabella. 

72. The Dutch Declaration of Independence. 

73. The Battle of Quebec. 

74. Hamilton’s Report on the Coinage. 

75. William Penn’s Plan for the Peace of Europe. 

76. Washington’s Words on a National University. 

77. Cotton Mather’s Lives of Bradford and Winthrop. 

78. The First Number of the Liberator. 

79. Wendell Phillips’ Eulogy of Garrison. 

80. Theodore Parker’s Address on the Dangers from Slavery. 

81. Whittier’s Account of the Anti-Slavery Convention of 1833. 

82. Mrs. Stowe’s Story of “ Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” • 

83. Sumner’s Speech on the Crime Against Kansas. 

84. The Words of John Brown. 

85. The First Lincoln and Douglas Debate. 

86 . Washington’s Capture of Boston. 

87. Morton’s Manners and Customs of the Indians, 1637. 

88 . Hubbard’s Beginning and End of King Philip’s War, 1677. 

89. Founding of St. Augustine, 1565. Menendez. 

90. Amerigo Vespucci’s Account of his Third Voyage. 

91. Founding of Quebec. Champlain. 

92. First Voyage to Roanoke, 1584. 

93. Settlement of Londonderry, N. II. 

94. Discovery of the Hudson. Juet. 

95. Pastorius’ Description of Pennsylvania, 1700. 

96. Acrelius’s Founding of New Sweden. 

97. Lafayette in the American Revolution. From His Memoirs. 

98. Letters of Washington and Lafayette. 

99. Washington’s Letters on the Constitution. 

100 . Robert Browne’s “Reformation without Tarrying for Any.” 

101. Grotius’ “Rights of War and Peace,” the Introduction. 

102. Columbus in Cuba. 

103. John Adams’ Inaugural. 

104. Jefferson’s Inaugurals. 

105. An Account of Louisiana, 1803. 

106. Calhoun’s Government of the United States. 

107. Lincoln’s Cooper Institute Address. 

108. The Invention of the Steamboat. 

109. Horace Mann’s Ground of the Free School System. 

110. The Romance of New England History, by Rufus Choate. 

111 . Kossuth’s First Speech in Faneuil Hall. 

112 . King Alfred’s Description of Europe. . 

113. Augustine in England. Bede. 

114. The Hague Arbitration Treaty. 

115. John Cabot’s Discovery of North America. Contemporary Dispatches. 

116. Sir Francis Drake on the California Coast. 

117. Frobisher’s First Voyage. 

118. Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s Expedition to Newfoundland, 1583. Haies. 

119. Raleigh’s First Roanoke Colony, Ralph Lane’s Account. 

120. Gosnold’s Settlement at Cuttyhunk, Archer’s Account. 

121. Captain John Smith’s Description of New England. 


102 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


122 . Richard Hakluyt’s Discourse on Western Planting. 

123. Dante’s Monarchia, Selection. 

124. More’s Utopia, Selection. 

125. The Sermon on the Mount (Wyclif’s Translation). 

126. Brissot’s Boston in 1788. 

127. The Ordinance of 1784. 

128. The Cession of Louisiana, Official Papers. 

129. Monroe’s Messages on Florida. 

130. The Fall of the Alamo. Potter. 

131. The Discovery of the Columbia River. Potter. 

132. Sumner’s Report on the War with Mexico. 

133. Seward’s Address on Alaska. 

134. William Emerson’s Fourth of July Oration, 1802. 

135. The Schools of Massachusetts in 1824. James G. Carter. 

136. Boston at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century. President Dwight. 

137. First Number of the Dial, 1840. 

138. Ireland r s Recollections of Emerson. 

139. The American Lyceum, 1829. 

140. Samuel Hoar’s Account of his Expulsion from Charleston, 1844. 

141. Channing’s Essay on National Literature. 

142. The Words of John Robinson. 

143. John Eliot’s Daybreaking of the Gospel. 

144. Horace Mann’s “Education and Prosperity.” 

145. Mary Lyon’s Prospectus of Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary, 1S35. 

146. Elihu Burritt’s “Congress of Nations,” 1848. 

147. Autobiography of Peter Cooper. 

148. Memorial to Legislature of Massachusetts, 1843. Dorothea Dix. 

149. The Founding of Hampton Institute. Gen. S. C. Armstrong. 

150. Old Jersey, by George E. Waring, Jr. 

151. Commodore Peny’s Landing in Japan; 1853, Official Report. 

152. Commodore Paul Jones’s Account of the Battle between the “Bon Homme 

Richard” and the “Serapis.” 

153. Bradford’s “Voyage of the Mayflower.” 

154. John White’s Planting of Colonies in New England. 

155. Wheeler’s Narrative of the Fight with the Indians at Brookfield, 1675. 

156. The Lexington Town Meetings from 1765 to 1775. 

157. The Lowell Offering, October, 1845. 

158. Governor Andrew’s Address to the Legislature, May, 1861. 

159. Selections from the Poems of Anne Bradstreet. 

160. Memorials of the First Graduates of Harvard College. Farmer. 

161. Franklin’s Boyhood in Boston, from his Autobiography. 

162. Franklin on War and Peace. 

163. Franklin’s Plan for Western Colonies, 1754. 

164. The Massachusetts Body of Liberties, 1641. 

165. John Wise on Government. 

166. The Invention of Ships, by Sir Walter Raleigh. 

167. Captain John Smith’s Account of the Settlement of Jamestown. 

168. De Vries’s Account of New Netherland in 1640. 

169. The New England Confederation, 1643. 

170. Relation of Lord Baltimore’s Plantation in Maryland, 1634. 

171. William Penn’s Description of Pennsylvania, 1683. 


GENERAL BOOK LIST 


103 


172. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, 1669. 

173. Samuel Adams on the Rights of the Colonists, 1772. 

174. The Discovery of Tike’s Peak. From Pike’s Journal. 

Published separately at five cents each. New numbers forthcoming. 
Leaflets on Special Subjects, bound in paper, contain correlated matter. Much of the mater¬ 
ial in the following 9 vols. not found in the single leaflets. 

1 . Early Massachusetts History. 

2 . The Makers of Boston. 

3. The War for the Union. 

4. The War for Independence. 

5. The Birth of the Nation. 

6 . The Story of the Centuries. 

7. America and France. 

8 . The American Indians. 

9. The New Birth of the World. 

Palfrey, J. G. History of New England. 5 vols. 

Parkman, Francis. Conspiracy of Pontiac. 2 vols., 1870; Half Century of Conflict. 
2 vols., 1892; Jesuits in North America, 1867; LaSalle and the Discovery of the Great 
West, 1887; Count Frontenac and New France Under Louis XIV., 1877; Mont¬ 
calm and Wolfe. 2 vols., 1884; Oregon Trail, 1892; Pioneers of France in the New 
World, 1887. 

Parton, James. Biographies of Burr, Franklin, Jackson and Jefferson. 

Paxson, F. L. Independence of South American Republics, 1903. 

Poole, W. F. Index to Periodicals, very valuable in connection with Readers’ Guide for 
finding articles in current literature. 

Poor, B. P. Catalogue of Government Publications, Washington, 1885; Reminiscences 
of Sixty Years in the National Metropolis. 2 vols., 1885. 

Prescott, W. H. Conquest of Mexico. 3 vols.; Conquest of Peru. 2 vols. 

Preston, H. W. Documents Illustrative of American History, 1886. 

Preston, Margaret. Colonial Ballads and Sonnets. 

Pollard, E. A. The Lost Cause, 1867. 

Preble, J. F. History of the Flag of the United States. 

Quincy, Josiah. Figures of the Past, 1883. 

Riverside Biographical Series. 

1. Andrew Jackson. Wm. G. Brown. 

2. James B. Eads. Louis How. 

3. Benjamin Franklin. Paul E. More. 

4. Peter Cooper. Rossiter W. Raymond. 

5. Thomas Jefferson. Henry Childs Merwin. 

6 . William Penn. Geo. Hodges. 

7. Ulysses S. Grant. Walter Allen. 

8 . Lewis and Clark. Wm. R. Lighton. 

9. John Marshall. Jas. B. Thayer. 

10. Alexander Hamilton. Charles A. Conant. 

11. Washington Irving. Henry W. Boynton. 

12. Paul Jones. Hutchins Hapgoocl. 

13. Stephen A. Douglas. Wm. G. Brown. 

14. Champlain. Henry D. Sedgwick, Jr. 

Rhodes, J. F. History of the United States from 1850. 7 vols., 1903. 

Richardson, J. History of Our Country. 

Ridpath, J. C. History of the United States. 2 vols., 1889. 


104 


MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Riis, Jacob, How the Other Half Lives, 1890; Children of the Poor, 1902; The Making of 
an American, 1904. 

Roosevelt, Theodore. Naval War of 1S12, 1883; Tlios. H. Benton (Am. S. S.). 1900; 
Gouverneur Morris (Am. S. S.), 1900; Winning of the West. 4 vols., 1889-96. 

I. From the Alleghanies to the Mississippi, 1760-1776. . 

II. From the Alleghanies to the Mississippi, 1777-1783. 

III. Founding of the Trans-Alleghany Commonwealths, 1784-1790. 

IV. Louisiana and the Northwest, 1791-1807. 

Ropes, J. C. Story of the Civil War. 4 vols. 

Schouler, James. History of the United States Under the Constitution. 6 vols., 1899. 
Schwab, J. C. Confederate States, A Financial and Industrial History, 1901. 

Scudder, H. E. U. S. History (For Schools); American Commonwealth Series. Brief 
Histories of the States. See “A.” Men and Manners in America One Hundred 
Years Ago, 1876. 

Scribner’s History of the United States. 5 vols. 

Semple, E. C. American History and its Geographic Conditions, 1903. 

Seward, W. H. Works. 5 vols. 

Shaler, N. S. Nature and Man in America, 1891; United States of America. 2 vols., 1894. 
Siebert, W. H. Underground Railroad, 1898. 

Sherman, John. Recollections of Forty Years in House and Senate, 1895. 

Sherman, W. T. Memoirs. 2 vols., 1888. 

Sheridan, Phil. H. Personal Memoirs. 2 vols., 18S8. 

Smith, Goldwin. Outline of Political Histoiy of the United States, 1492-1871, 1895. 
Smith, ,R. M. Emigration and Immigration, 1890. 

Smith, T. C. Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the Northwest, 1897. 

Sparks, E. E. Expansion of the American People, 1900; Men Who Made the Nation, 
1901; History Leaflets. 

Sparks, Jared. American Biography, Boston, 1844. 15 vols., N. Y., 10 vols. 

Stanwood, Edward. American Tariff Controversies. 2 vols., 1903. 

Sumner, Charles. Complete Works. 15 vols., 18S3. 

Stedman, E. C., and Hutchinson, E. M. Library of American Literature. 11 vols. 
Taussig, F. W. Tariff History of the United States. 

Thompson, R. W. Recollections of Sixteen Presidents, 1894. 

Thwaites, R. G. The Colonies, 1891; Father Marquette, 1902; Daniel Boone, 1902. 
Thomas, A. C. A History of the United States (For Schools), 1894. 

Titherington, R. H. Spanish American War of 1898. 

Townsend, Malcom. An Index of United States History, 1900. 

Trevelyan, G. 0. American Revolution. 2 vols. 

Tucker, G. F. The Monroe Doctrine. 

Tyler, M. C. American Literature During Colonial Times. 2 vols., 1891; Literary His¬ 
tory of the American Revolution, 1897. 

United States Documents and Publications: Many of these documents can be obtained 
at actual cost of printing from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 
Some can be secured from the heads of the Departments or Bureaus and through mem¬ 
bers of Congress in individual districts. 

The list of United States Publications is so large—requiring complete volumes to enu¬ 
merate—that only a few are here named: 

List of Congressional Documents, 1820-1891. Ames, 1892. 

Finding List for Congressional Documents, 1820-1891. Ames, 1893. 

Monthly List of U. S. Documents issued by Superintendent of Documents, Washing¬ 
ton, D. C. 


GENERAL BOOK LIST 


105 


Department Documents and Reports: Each Department issues an annual report and 
many documents through its bureaus and divisions. The reader of history will 
find something of interest in each department of our government, but it would be impos¬ 
sible for anyone to read all. The reader or student along special lines may find some 
publications of the following bureaus or divisions quite helpful: 

President’s Messages and Documents. 

Department of State Annual Report of the Secretary, Bureaus of Consular, and of Trade 
Relations. 

Department of the Treasury—-Annual Report of the Secretary, Divisions of Customs, Mint, 
Comptroller, Internal Revenue. 

Department of War—Annual Report of the Secretary, Bureaus, Insular Affairs (Philip¬ 
pines, Porto Rico, etc.). (Reports are very full on our new possessions). Ordinance, 
Signal Service, Engineers. 

Department of the Navy—Annual Report of the Secretary. Divisions of Construction, Ordi¬ 
nance, and Hydrography, 

Department of the Postoffice—Annual Report of the Postmaster General. 

Department of the Interior—Report of the Secretary, Bureaus of Education (exceedingly 
valuable reports on Education now number above fifty volumes and many hundred 
pamphlets), Land Office, Geological Survey (very valuable reports, especially on sub¬ 
jects of Ethnology and Mineral Resources), Census (statistical atlas especially valu¬ 
able), Pensions, Patents, etc. 

Department of Justice—Annual Report of the Attorney General. 

Department of Agriculture—Annual Report of the Secretary, Bureaus of Animal Industry. 
Forestry, Plant Industry, Soils, Weather, Divisions, Experiment Station, Biological 
Survey, Publications, Roads, Statistics, etc. 

Department of Commerce and Labor—Annual Report of the Secretary, Bureaus of Labor, 
Census (statistical atlas particularly valuable for summaries), Statistics, Coast Survey, 
Navigation, Immigration, American Republics, Ethnology, 

State Documents and Publications: A majority of the States now issue documents, 
reports and publications of various kinds which contain much valuable information. 
These documents are usually for free distribution and can be obtained by paying trans¬ 
portation charges. State Historical Societies now exist in nearly all of the States and 
their publications are usually distributed at state expense to the members and to 
public and school libraries. These publications are of much value to the student of 
state history and frequently of much interest to the general reader. As a rule the 
state publications are under the control of the Secretary of State to whom application 
should be made for information concerning state documents. The secretaries of the 
various state societies gladly furnish information concerning their publications and 
state history. 

Annual or Biennial Reports:—Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Attorney-General, 
Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction or other State Officers, giving facts 
statistics and other information relating to their departments. 

Blue Book: Historical, industrial and statistical facts relating to the State, its institu¬ 
tions and enterprises. 

Reports of Historical, Educational, and other associations, which may be published by 
the State. 

Laws: State Statutes, Session Laws, School, Municipal, and other Laws. 

Reports of Various Bureaus, Boards, Commissions, Trustees, of various State institu¬ 
tions and interests coming under such names as follow:—Agriculture, Arbitration, 
Asylums—for insane or for defectives, dependents or delinquents—Charities, Canal, 
Dentistry, Entomology, Education—State L T niversity and Normal schools—Farmer’s 


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MANUAL TO UNITED STATES HISTORY 


Institutes, Fish, Food, Forestry, Game, Geology and Geological Survey, Health, Horti¬ 
culture, Historical Library or Association, Insurance, Mines, Mining and Mineral 
Resources, Natural History, Pardons, Pharmacy, Prisons and Prison Industries, 
Reformatories, Soldiers’ Homes, etc. 

Von Holst, H. Constitutional History of the United States. 8 vols., Chicago. 

Warner, C. D., World’s Best Literature. 

Washington, George. Complete Works. 14 vols., Albany, 1892. 

Washington, Booker T. LTp From Slavery, N. Y., 1901; Working With the Hands. 

Webster, Daniel. Works. 6 vols., Boston, 1852. 

Weedon, W. B. Social and Economic History of New England. 2 vols., Boston, 1891. 

Wilson, Henry. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America. 3 vols. Boston, 1877. 

Wilson, Woodrow. History of the American People. 5 vols., N. Y., 1902; Division and 
Reunion, N. Y., 1903. 

Winsor, Justin. Narrative and Critical History of America. 8 vols., Boston; Life of 
Christopher Columbus, Boston, 1891; Mississippi Basin, Boston, 1895; Westward 
Movement, Boston, 1897. 

Wisconsin University Historical Publications. Madison, Wisconsin. 


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